globalisation and migration

globalisation

the process by which countries are gradually drawn together to form 1 single global economy

production lines

consists of a number of stages involved in the particular making of a product

causes of globalisation

TNC’s

labour availability and skills

modern transport

trading blocs

advanced technology

flows of the global economy

people

aid

trade

information

foreign investment

labour

pros of globalisation

TNC investment

cultural sharing

local employment and wealth

quick and far reaching aid

cheaper products

cons of globalisation

unemployment in original country

fewer regulations in LEDC’s

exploitation of locals

threat to cultural diversity

economic leakages

world trade organisation

promote free trade

regulate international trade

world bank

work on investing products and reducing poverty worldwide

international monetary fund

promote economic stability in the world

TNC’s

transnational corporations

multi business companies that operate in more than one country.

often spend money setting up in another country = foreign direct investment

pros of TNC’s

job opportunities

educating population

foreign currency earned

infrastructure developed

cons of TNC’s

exploitation of workers

profits leak out of country

expensive to expand a country worldwide

not supporting local businesses

immigration

movement of people between countries

emigration

movement of people out of a country permanently

voluntary migration

migration that the migrants choose e.g. for a better job

forced migration

migration that is forced due to the migrants having no choice to move e.g. war

rural to urban migration

movement from rural to urban areas

leads to unemployment and overcrowding

push factors

crime

war

poverty

natural disaster

pollution

high taxes

pull factors

better education

better quality of life

family

better healthcare

higher wages

factors that increase migration

war

crime

poverty

job opportunities

family

pros on origin country

remittances

reduced pressure on services

emigration eases unemployment

decrease in pollution

cons on origin country

decrease in labour availability

loss of young adult workers

agriculture production will fall

leaves behind elderly population

pros on destination country

increase in labour availability

immigrants willing to do high labour work

increase in cultural diversity

immigrants offer a wide range of high value skills

cons on destination country

cultural tension

lower wages

increase in pollution

increased pressure on services

causes of increased global tourism

more summer paid leave

cheaper and quicker transport

increase in disposable income

advanced technology

economic tourism impacts

economic leakages

increase in national debt

tax revenue

jobs taken

local businesses provided with income

multiplier effect

social tourism impacts

displacement of people

loss of housing

cultural diversity

helps develop language skills

historical legacy appreciated

environmental tourism impacts

ecotourism

erosion

repairing of coral

increase in pollution

increase in greenhouse gases - from transport

sustainability

practice of using natural resources responsibly so they can support both present and future generations

sustainable tourism

tourism organised so it can be sustained for the future

sustainable tourism examples

eco tourism Kenya

Cyprus sustainable tourism initiative

geopolitics

study of political and economic relationships between countries and the influence of geographical factors e.g. relief

what gives a country power

strong military

population size

education of population

land mass and size