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hemoptysis

blood in coughing

somatostatin d cells

inhibits hcl

hyperemia

accumulation of blood in peripheral circulation

metorrhagia

bleeding between periods

primary pathology

last endocrine gland in the pathway

secondary pathology

problem that originates due to an issue with the pituitary gland

Tertiary Pathology

This refers to a problem that originates due to an issue with the hypothalamus

Primary Hypothyroidism

• The problem lies directly with the thyroid gland itself

• low T3 T4, high TSH

Primary Hyperthyroidism

• the problem lies directly with the thyroid gland itself

• high T3 T4, low TSH

Secondary Hypothyroidism

• The problem lies with the anterior pituitary gland

• low T3 T4, low TSH

Secondary Hyperthyroidism

• the problem lies with the anterior pituitary gland

• high T3 T4, high TSH

Tertiary Hypothyroidism

• The problem lies with the hypothalamus

• low T3 T4, low TSH

thalassemia

blood disorder that causes microcytic, hypochromic anemia

hypothalamus releases

secreting and inhibitory

erythropoietin

secreted from kidneys stimulates RBC production

hematochezia

bright blood in stool

anoxia

absence of oxygen

amylase

salivary excretion, breaks down starches

myxedema

total lack of thyroid hormones causing hypothyroidism

macrocytic

red blood cells that are larger than normal in size

normochromic anemia

type of anemia where the red blood cells have a normal color, indicating a normal concentration of hemoglobin

what glands are ductless

endocrine

hematemesis

vomiting blood

compensated shock

the body makes up for blood loss or circulatory failure like vasoconstriction

decompensated shock

compensatory mechanisms fail leading to decreased blood flow to organs

irreversible shock

sever organ damage has occurred even if circulation is restored

cariogenic shock

heart is unable to pump blood to meet bodys needs

hypovolemic shock

reduction in circulating blood volume

distributive shock

widespread vasodilation and pooling of blood in peripheral vessels leading to insufficient blood flow to heart

pepsin

digests protein

role of bile

breaks down fats to aid in digestion and absorption

neoplasms

tumors

intussusception

invagination of one segment of the intestine into another.

aldosterone

steroid, targets tissues in kidneys, helps controlling BP and electrolytes

achalasia

diseases of the esophagus, feeling full because lower esophagus doesn’t relax

somatostatin

stops secretion, suppresses sugars (insulin and glucagon)

hypothyroidism

low T3 T4

hyperthyroidism

high T3 T4

hypochromic

red blood cells that are paler than normal in color

Catecholamines

group of amine hormones, specifically Epinephrine and Nor-epinephrine