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Kinetic Energy (KE)
Energy an object possesses due to its motion.
Formula for Kinetic Energy
KE = 1/2 mv^2, where m is mass and v is velocity.
Key Concept of Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy depends on the square of velocity.
Doubling velocity effect on Kinetic Energy
Increases kinetic energy by four times.
Gravitational Potential Energy (PE)
Energy stored in an object due to its height in a gravitational field.
Formula for Gravitational Potential Energy
PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height.
Key Concept of Gravitational Potential Energy
Directly proportional to mass and height.
Elastic Potential Energy (PE)
Energy stored in elastic materials when stretched or compressed.
Formula for Elastic Potential Energy
PE = 1/2 kx^2, where k is spring constant and x is displacement.
Key Concept of Elastic Potential Energy
Increases quadratically with displacement.
Thermal Energy
Total kinetic energy of particles in a substance, linked to its temperature.
Importance of Thermal Energy
Vital in understanding heat transfer methods and thermodynamics.
Mechanical Energy
Total energy in a system from both kinetic and potential energy.
Key Concept of Mechanical Energy
Remains constant in a closed system (ignoring friction or external forces).
Work-Energy Theorem
Work done on an object equals the change in its kinetic energy.
Key Concept of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed between forms.
Energy Transformations
Conversion of energy from one form to another.
Power (P)
The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
Key Concept of Efficiency
Measure of useful energy or work output compared to energy input.
Formula for Efficiency
Efficiency = (Useful energy output / Total energy input) x 100%.
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