Types of Energy in Physics to Know for AP Physics 1 (2025)

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20 Terms

1

Kinetic Energy (KE)

Energy an object possesses due to its motion.

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2

Formula for Kinetic Energy

KE = 1/2 mv^2, where m is mass and v is velocity.

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3

Key Concept of Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy depends on the square of velocity.

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4

Doubling velocity effect on Kinetic Energy

Increases kinetic energy by four times.

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5

Gravitational Potential Energy (PE)

Energy stored in an object due to its height in a gravitational field.

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6

Formula for Gravitational Potential Energy

PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height.

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7

Key Concept of Gravitational Potential Energy

Directly proportional to mass and height.

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8

Elastic Potential Energy (PE)

Energy stored in elastic materials when stretched or compressed.

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9

Formula for Elastic Potential Energy

PE = 1/2 kx^2, where k is spring constant and x is displacement.

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10

Key Concept of Elastic Potential Energy

Increases quadratically with displacement.

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11

Thermal Energy

Total kinetic energy of particles in a substance, linked to its temperature.

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12

Importance of Thermal Energy

Vital in understanding heat transfer methods and thermodynamics.

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13

Mechanical Energy

Total energy in a system from both kinetic and potential energy.

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14

Key Concept of Mechanical Energy

Remains constant in a closed system (ignoring friction or external forces).

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15

Work-Energy Theorem

Work done on an object equals the change in its kinetic energy.

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16

Key Concept of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed between forms.

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17

Energy Transformations

Conversion of energy from one form to another.

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18

Power (P)

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

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19

Key Concept of Efficiency

Measure of useful energy or work output compared to energy input.

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20

Formula for Efficiency

Efficiency = (Useful energy output / Total energy input) x 100%.

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