Abraham Maslow

Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Focuses on whole person motivation toward self-actualization.

Self-Actualization

Achieving psychological health and personal growth.

Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Focuses on whole person motivation toward self-actualization.

Self-Actualization

Achieving psychological health and personal growth.

Lower Level Needs

Basic needs like hunger, safety, love, and esteem.

Third Force in Psychology

Includes Maslow, Allport, Rogers, and May's theories.

First Force

Psychoanalysis and its modifications in psychology.

Second Force

Behaviorism and its various forms in psychology.

Motivation Complexity

Behavior arises from multiple, often unconscious motives.

Unconscious Motivation

Motives that are unknown to the individual.

Hierarchy of Needs

Arranged needs where lower must be satisfied first.

Prepotency of Needs

Lower needs must be mostly satisfied before higher needs.

Conative Needs

Five basic needs with a motivational character.

Physiological Needs

Basic survival needs: food, water, oxygen, temperature.

Recurring Nature of Needs

Physiological needs reappear after satisfaction.

Safety Needs

Desire for security, stability, and protection.

Basic Anxiety

Result of unmet safety needs causing distress.

Love and Belongingness Needs

Desire for relationships, family, and social connections.

Impact of Childhood on Needs

Childhood experiences influence adult safety and love needs.

Motivation for College Students

Grades may mask deeper needs like dominance.

Maslow vs. Allport

Maslow explores deeper motives than Allport's surface reasons.

Satisfaction of Needs

Once met, needs lose motivational power, replaced by others.

Children's Safety Needs

Children often motivated by fears of threats.

Adult Safety Needs

Adults may retain childhood fears affecting their safety.

Love Satisfaction Effects

Satisfied individuals handle love deprivation without panic.

Love and Belongingness

Need for acceptance and affection from others.

Devaluation of Love

Learning to undervalue love due to absence.

Small Doses of Love

Limited affection leads to strong motivation for more.

Psychological Growth

Children require love for healthy psychological development.

Self-Defeating Behaviors

Adults disguise need for love with aloofness.

Obvious Love Needs

Striving too hard for affection undermines success.

Esteem Needs

Desire for confidence, competence, and self-respect.

Reputation

Public perception of a person's prestige and recognition.

Self-Esteem

Personal feelings of worth beyond external opinions.

Self-Actualization Needs

Desire for personal fulfillment and realization of potential.

B-Values

Values like truth and beauty that influence self-actualization.

Independence from Lower Needs

Self-actualizers transcend basic needs for growth.

Aesthetic Needs

Desire for beauty and pleasing experiences.

Cognitive Needs

Need to know, solve mysteries, and understand.

Affectionate Experiences

Hugs and verbal love are crucial for development.

Motivation for Love

Stronger needs arise from limited love experiences.

Adult Love Expression

Adults often mask their love needs in relationships.

Suspicion from Others

Desperation for acceptance can alienate potential friends.

Self-Actualizing Individuals

Express basic needs without cultural suppression.

Psychological Illness

Frustrated aesthetic needs can lead to sickness.

Knowledge and Needs

Cognitive needs are essential for satisfying other needs.

Maslow's Theory

Healthy individuals seek knowledge and understanding.

Aesthetic Needs

Desire for beauty and artistic expression.

Cognitive Needs

Desire to learn and solve problems.

Pathology

Condition resulting from unmet psychological needs.

Neurotic Needs

Compensatory desires stemming from unmet basic needs.

Stagnation

Lack of growth due to unmet needs.

Self-Actualization

Realization of personal potential and creativity.

Physiological Needs

Basic survival needs like food and water.

Safety Needs

Desire for security and protection from harm.

Love and Belongingness Needs

Need for relationships and social connections.

Esteem Needs

Desire for respect and self-worth.

Need Satisfaction Levels

Estimated fulfillment percentages for average individuals.

Reversed Order of Needs

Creativity prioritized over basic safety needs.

Unmotivated Behavior

Actions not driven by specific needs.

Expressive Behavior

Natural, unconscious expression without specific goals.

Coping Behavior

Conscious efforts to manage environmental challenges.

Deprivation of Needs

Lack of need fulfillment leads to pathology.

Malnutrition

Health issues from unmet physiological needs.

Instinctoid Needs

Innate human needs shaped by learning.

Noninstinctoid Needs

Temporary desires not essential for health.

Metapathology

Lack of meaning and fulfillment in life.

Frustration of Needs

Unmet instinctoid needs cause significant pathology.

Psychological Health

Achieved through satisfaction of instinctoid needs.

Instinctoid Needs

Persistent needs essential for psychological health.

Noninstinctoid Needs

Temporary needs not crucial for health.

Species-Specific Needs

Only humans experience esteem and self-actualization.

Environmental Influences

Can mold or inhibit instinctoid needs.

Higher Needs

Later in evolutionary scale and individual development.

Lower Needs

Must be satisfied in children before higher needs.

Self-Actualization

Fulfillment of one's potential and capabilities.

B-values

Being values indicating psychological health.

Metaneeds

Ultimate level of needs beyond deficiency.

Existential Illness

Occurs when metaneeds are unmet.

Metapathology

Deprivation of B-values leads to this condition.

Metamotivation

Motives of self-actualizing individuals.

Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Efficient perception of reality and acceptance.

Acceptance of Self

Lack of defensiveness and self-defeating guilt.

Tolerance of Weaknesses

Acceptance of others' flaws without judgment.

Spontaneity

Natural behavior without pretense or conformity.

Psychopathology

Absence of psychological disorders in self-actualizers.

Peak Experiences

Intense moments of happiness from higher needs.

Hierarchy of Needs

Progression from lower to higher needs.

Self-Sufficiency

Autonomy and independence in self-actualizers.

B-values Examples

Truth, beauty, justice, and simplicity.

Deficiency Needs

Motivates non-self-actualizers, opposed to B-values.

Self-Actualization

Realizing one's full potential and capabilities.

Problem Centering

Focus on solving problems rather than personal issues.

Need for Privacy

Enjoyment of solitude without feelings of loneliness.

Autonomy

Independence achieved through healthy relationships.

Continued Freshness of Appreciation

Repeatedly appreciating life's basic goods with awe.

Peak Experience

Profound moments of joy and unity with the universe.

Gemeinschaftsgefuhl

Genuine concern for the welfare of others.

Profound Interpersonal Relations

Deep connections with a few close friends.

Democratic Character Structure

Friendly and open-minded towards all individuals.

Discrimination between Means and Ends

Enjoying activities for their own sake.

Philosophical Sense of Humor

Spontaneous humor that reflects self-awareness.