world history ch.17:exploration and expansion

alchemist

people who tried to use magic to change substances

Franciscan monk who studied at oxford and favored a system of scientific experimentation rather than religious thought

roger bacon

what renaissance ideas were encouraged and in turn led to the scientific revolution

curiosity, investigation, discovery

what new tools and instruments were used during sci revolution

barometer, thermometer, microscope, telescope, air pump

roman philosopher that created the geocentric theory and what did it say

Ptolemy- planets revolve around earth

philosopher that created the heliocentric theory and what did it say

Nicolaus Copernicus- planets revolve around sun

mathematician who helped to prove heliocentric theory

Johannes Kelper

made improvements to telescope and also helped prove Helio theory

Galileo

created laws of motion and gravity

isaac newton

studied anatomy and circulation

Andreas Vesaluis

french philosopher who coined the phrase “i think therefore i am”

rene descartes

3 areas of technology that Europeans made improvements to during age of exploration

navigation, mapmaking, shipbuilding

new piece of tech that enabled ships to sail beyond the sight of land without getting lost

compass

how did explorers believe they could reach africa and aisa more easily

by sailing west across the atlantic

improvements that were made to ships in order to allow them to sail farther, faster, and under worse weather

rudder moved to back and ships built smaller

time period in history that allowed for the standardization of money, international trade, and banking

commercial revolution

joint stock company

companies that owners sold shares to investors, and those investors shared in the profit and loss

mercantilism

idea that a country’s govt should do all it can to increase their wealth

if a country received more gold and silver from other countries than it paid out

favorable balance of trade

3 aspects needed in order to create a favorable balance of trade

tariffs, subsidies, colonies

tax on import goods

tariff

grants of money to create exportable goods

subsidies

why would ppl want to travel away from europe to the new world

curiosity and spirit of discovery, hope of wealth/better way of life, escape religious persecution

portugese monarch nicknamed “the navigator” bc of his travels in exploration

prince henry

portugese explorer first discovered a route to the indian ocean by sailing around the southern tip of africa called the cape of good hope

Bartolomew Dias

portugese explorer who continued the work of the person above and found a trade route to india

Vasco de Gama

Italian explorer sailed for spain and thought the fastest way to india would be to sail west across atlantic

christopher colombus

where did columbus first land when he sailed across the atlantic

san salvador

name given to the trade of food, goods, animals, and diseases between the americas and europe

Colombian exchange

name of the agreement that divided trade in the americas and any other undiscovered land between spain and portugal

treaty of tordesillas

why was this and unfair advantage for spain

they got much more unclaimed land

which explorer thought that colombus had not been to aisa but rather a new world

Amerigo Vespucci(america named after him)

who sailed through the isthmus at panama and named the ocean the south sea

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

first explorer to sail around the world

Ferdinand Magellan

why did magellan give the pacific ocean its name

its peaceful

what continents were involved in the triangular trade

europe, africa, south and north america

what was shipped to africa during the triangular trade

weapons, cloth, alcohol

what was shipped to the americas during the tt

slaves

what was shipped to europe during the tt

raw materials

describe the middle passage

the journey across the atlantic by boat that was terrible and harsh conditions that slaves would endure for multiple months

spanich exlorer traveled to the caribbean and florida

ponce de leon

spanish explorer conquered the aztecs at tenochtitlan

hernan cortes

spanish brought to the new world that helped to weaken the native people

weapons( g u n s ) horses and diease

did other europeans grow jealous of spain’s colonial wealth and want a share?

yes

spanish leader that was both holy roman emperor and king of spain

charles V

what did charles V realize in doing these jobs

it was too much for one man

son of charles v that inherited kingdom of spain

Philip II

what type of leader was philip ii

dictator like and controlling

what tactic did the dutch try to use as a way to break away from spain

guerilla warfare

dutch society

religious tolerance, seafaring ppl, lively cultural center

how was trade controlled for dutch colonial empire

dutch east india company

as population grew for spain what happened

increased costs and food, clothing, and housing shortage

when king philip expelled the jews and moriscos from the country what effect did it have

lost skilled bankers, business ppl, commercial leaders and artisans