Anatomy and Physiology - Cartilage/Bone Growth

chondroblasts

cells responsible for producing the matrix of cartilage

chondrocytes

matured version of chondroblasts, responsible for maintenance and repair of cartilage

chondroitin sulfate

ground substance of cartilage

antiangiogenesis factor

reason for cartilage being avascular

interstitial growth

in-between cell growth of cartilage

appositional growth

on edge growth of cartilage

perichondrium

the outside layer of cartilage tissue

proximal

closer to midline

distal

further from midline

anterior

front

posterior

behind

superior

above

inferior

below

superficial

shallow depth

proximal epiphysis

the expanded end of a long bone closest to the midline of body

distal epiphysis

the expanded end of a long bone further from the midline of body

spongy

type of bone containing trabeculae

compact

type of bone containing osteons

medullary cavity

hollow part inside of bone

articular cartilage

type of tissue/structure at the end of bones

osteoprogenitor

bone stem cell that creates osteoblasts

osteoblasts

cell responsible for creating bone tissue

osteoid

gelatinous substance/fluid secreted by osteoblasts to make bone tissue

osteocytes

matured bone cell, responsible for bone maintenance and repair

osteoclasts

bone cell responsible for bone reabsorption/ breakdown of bones

osteogenesis

the development of bones

osteolysis

active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts

calcium hydroxide and calcium phosphate

the two minerals that make up bone ground substance

hydroxyapatite

ground substance of bones

proteolytic enzymes

responsible for breakdown of collagen/organic substances of bone

hydrochloric acid

responsible for breakdown of hydroxyapatite/inorganic substance of bone

circumferential lamellae

layer of compact bone going all the way around a bone itself; under periosteum

concentric lamellae

layer of bone tissue going around the central canal

trabeculae

characteristic of spongy bone

canaliculi

passageways through matrix of bone tissue

endosteum

layer lining the inside of bone tissue

periosteum

layer lining the outside of bone tissue