Pediatric Immunizations/ID

purpose of immunizations/vaccines

1. ↓ hospitalizations, sequelae, death from disease

2. Herd immunity, Community immunity 

challenges of Immunizations/Vaccines

1. Misinformation 

2. Parental concerns

   Our job: education 

CDC Strategies to Increase Vaccination Rates

1. feedback on practice/provider immunization rates

2. accurate records

3. recommend to parents w evidence-based communication

4. reminder messages to parents

5. reminder messages to providers

6. reducing missed opportunities to vaccinate

7. reducing barriers to vaccination within the practice.

what is a VIS

(Vaccine Information Statement)

standard format of vaccine info that includes risks and benefits

National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (1986)→ Required to provide VIS for each vaccine

Which system is a national passive surveillance program for vaccine safety

VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System)

What is the purpose of the Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) network

develop protocol to evaluate, diagnose, and treat vaccine-related adverse events

what are the two active surveillance systems

1. Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD)

2. Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) Initiative

which vaccines have trace egg antigens

1. influenza

2. yellow fever

usually still okay to give to patients w egg allergy

be careful with giving polio vaccine to people with what allergies

1. neomycin

2. streptomycin

3. polymyxin B

what vaccines have gelatin

1. MMR

2. MMRV (mix of MMR and varicella)

3. VAR

neomycin is in what vaccines

1. MMR

2. IPV

3. VAR

T or F: there is link between childhood vaccines and autism

FALSE!

NO LINK BETWEEN CHILDHOOD VACCINES AND AUTISM 

what is the only oral vaccine

rotavirus

attenuated vaccine

live → weakened form of the live virus or bacteria

inactivated vaccines

Made from protein or piece of bacteria/virus

attenuated vaccines example

1. MMR

2. varicella

3. rotavirus

4. one type of flu

attenuated vaccines not safe for

1. pregnancy

2. immunocompromised

should you postpone vaccine if patient has a minor acute illness

no

→ can postpone if febrile tho

should you postpone vaccine if patient has a chronic illness

no contraindications,

who is more prone to chronic hep B infection

young children

hep B vaccine schedule

3 doses

1. birth

2. 1-2 months

3. 6 months

unique CI to hep B vaccine

allergy to yeast

what is the Leading cause of acute gastroenteritis related hospitalization and death worldwide

rotavirus

when do all doses of rotavirus vaccine have to be administered by

8 months

difference in RV 1 and 5 schedule

RV1 → 2 doses → 2 mon, 4 mon

RV 5 → 3 doses → 2 mon, 4 mon, 6 mon

what vaccine is CI for severe latex allergy

rotavirus 1 vaccine (RV1)

rotavirus vaccine CI

1. severe latex allergy (RV1), 

2. history of intussusception, 

3. ≥ 8 months of age, 

4. severe allergic reaction to vaccine or components

adverse effects of rotavirus vaccine

intussusception

pseudomembrane associated with

diptheria

what is associated w contaminated soil exposure to wound

tetanus

what populations have highest fatality from tetanus

1. newborn

2. IV drug users

3. diabetics

paroxysmal cough

whooping cough → pertussis

diphtheria tx

antitoxin and erythro or procaine penicillin G

pertussis tx

azithromycin

tetanus tx

metronidazole

who has the highest mortality from pertussis

<2 months old

DTAP vs TDAP

DTAP → <6y/o

TDAP afterwards

DTAP vaccine schedule

5 doses → 2mon, 4 mon, 6mon, 15-18mon, 4-6 yrs

how often should get TDAP booster

every 10 years