CHEMLAB PRELIMS

Module 1: Basic Laboratory Apparatus, Module 2: Measurement and Conversion, Module 3: The Bunsen Burner

IT IS USED FOR MIXING CHEMICALS
HAS BIG BASE FOR STABILITY AND NARROW NECK TO PREVENT SPLASH

ERLENMEYER FLASK

IT HAS A ROUND BOTTOM WITH THICK WALLS THAT MAKES THIS FLASK CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING TEMPERATURE CHANGES
IT IS MAINLY USED FOR DISTILLATION EXPERIMENTS

FLORENCE FLASK

IT IS USED FOR MEASURING MEDIUM TO LARGE QUANTITIES OF LIQUIDS
ITS MEASUREMENT ARE CALLED GRADUATION

GRADUATED CYCLINDER

IT IS A SHALLOW CYLINDRICAL DISH THAT HAS A LID, USEFUL FOR WATCHING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

PETRI DISH

IT STORES WATER FOR THE PURPOSE OF “WASHING” GLASSWARE, OR MOVING SOLID SUBSTANCES FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER

WASH BOTTLE

IT IS USED FOR TRANSFERRING SMALL AMOUNTS OF LIQUIDS
IT CONSIST OF A LONG PLASTIC OR GLASS TUBE WITH AN OPENING AT THE END AND A RUBBER BULB AT THE TOP

DROPPER

IT IS A GLASSWARE CONSISTING OF A SHAFT OF A TUBE, WITH A RESERVOIR AND FUNNEL-LIKE SECTION AT THE TOP USED TO ADD SMALL VOLUMES OF LIQUIDS TO AN EXACT POSITION

THISTLE FUNNEL

IT IS USED FOR HEATING CHEMICALS USING NATURAL GAS

BUNSEN BURNER

IT IS USED AS A CONTAINER FOR HEATING SOLID MATERIALS TO VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE

CRUCIBLE

IT USED FOR ACCURATELY DISPENSING VERY SMALL QUANTITIES OF LIQUIDS
IT CONTAINS A STOPCOCK TO CONTROL THE RELEASE OF THE LIQUID
IT IS MAINLY USED FOR TITRATION EXPERIMENTS

BURET / BURETTE

IT IS A LARGE CONTAINER WITH A “BEAK” USED FOR STORING AND POURING MEDIUM TO LARGE QUANTITIES OF LIQUID

BEAKER

IT IS USED TO GRIND SOLID MATTER INTO POWDER

MORTAR AND PESTLE

IT IS USED TO MEASURE AND TRANSFER PRECISE SMALL AMOUNTS OF LIQUID

PIPET / PIPETTE

IT IS USED TO SPREAD OUT FLAME OF THE BUNSEN BURNER
IT IS ALSO USED TO DIFFUSE HEAT FROM OPEN FLAME TO PROTECT GLASSWARES WHEN HEATING

WIRE GAUZE

IT IS USED TO HOLD CLAMPS AND RINGS IN PROPER POSITION DURING EXPERIMENTS

IRON STAND

IT IS USED AS A STOPPER FOR TEST TUBES AND FLASKS

RUBBER STOPPER / CORK

IT IS A GLASS ROD USED FOR STIRRING LIQUID MIXTURES

STIRRING ROD

IT IS USED FOR STORING LIQUID CHEMICALS AND FOR WATCHING REACTIONS
IT IS ALSO USED FOR MIXING AND ACTS AS LIQUID CONTAINER WHEN HEATING LIQUID SUBSTANCES

TEST TUBE

IT IS USED TO HOLD TEST TUBES WHEN THEY ARE BEING FILLED, STIRRED, AND HEATED

TEST TUBE CLAMP

IT IS USED FOR CLEANING TEST TUBES
IT IS ALSO USED FOR CLEANING THE INTERIOR SURFACES OF OTHER APPARATUS WITH NARROW OPENING

TEST TUBE BRUSH

IT IS USED TO HOLD MULTIPLE TEST TUBES UPRIGHT
IT IS ALSO USED TO STORE TEST TUBES FOR DRYING

TEST TUBE RACK

IT IS USED FOR MEASURING THE KINETIC ENERGY OF MOLECULES AND ITS TEMPERATURE OF AN OBJECT

THERMOMETER

IT IS USED FOR WATCHING CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF SMALL QUANTITIES OF LIQUID
IT ALSO HOLDS SOLIDS FOR WEIGHING
IT CAN COVER A BEAKER
IT IS ALSO USED FOR EVAPORATING SMALL AMOUNT OF LIQUID SUBSTANCES

WATCH GLASS

IT IS USED TO MEASURE THE MASS OF SOLID SUBSTANCES TO A VERY HIGH DEGREE OF ACCURACY

BALANCE SCALE

IT IS USED FOR TRANSFERRING LIQUID CHEMICAL WITHOUT SPILLING
IT IS USED MAINLY FOR FILTRATION
IT DIRECTS LIQUID SUBSTANCES INTO A CONTAINER WITH SMALL OPENING

FUNNEL

IT IS USED TO SEPARATE FINE SOLID PARTICLES FROM LIQUID OR GAS SUBSTANCES

FILTER PAPER

IT IS USED TO BOIL OFF LIQUIDS, LEAVING DISSOLVED SOLIDS BEHIND

EVAPORATING DISH

IT IS USED FOR HOLDING CRUCIBLE AND OTHER HOT APPARATUS

CRUCIBLE TONGS

IT IS USED TO DISPENSE AND SCOOP SOLID AND POWDERED CHEMICALS FROM CONTAINER

SPATULA AND SCOOPULA

IT IS USED TO MANIPULATE SMALL OBJECTS

FORCEPS / TWEEZERS

IT IS USED TO CONTAIN AND STORE LIQUID SUBSTANCES

REGEANT BOTTLE

IT IS USED TO MEASURE ACCURATE VOLUMES OF LIQUID SUBSTANCES
IT IS MORE ACCURATE THAN GRADUATED CYLINDER
IT IS SIMILAR WITH FLORENCE FLASK BUT HAD FLAT BASE

VOLUMETRIC FLASK

IT IS USED FOR CONTROLLED TESTS WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF LIQUID SUBSTANCES

SPOT PLATE

IT IS USED TO SEPARATE COMPONENTS OF A LIQUID-LIQUID MIXTURE

SEPARATORY FUNNEL

IT IS USED TO CUT GLASS TUBING

TRIANGULAR FILE

IT IS USED FOR HEATING MATERIALS GENTLY OVER A PERIOD OF TIME WITHOUT OPEN FLAME

METAL PLATE

IT IS A PROCESS USING BOILING WATER FOR HEATING MATERIALS GENTLY OVER A PERIOD OF TIME WITHOUT OPEN FLAME

WATER BATH

IT IS USED TO HOLD THE APPARATUS TO THE IRON STAND

IRON CLAMP

IT IS USED TO HOLD THE APPARATUS TO THE IRON STAND BUT IN THE SHAPE OF A RING

IRON RING

IT IS A THREE-LEGGED STAND USED FOR HOLDING AND SUPPORTING APPARATUS WHEN HEATING THEM

TRIPOD

IT IS USED TO PROTECT APPARATUS FROM DIRECT HEAT OF THE BURNER IN THE FORM OF TRIANGLE

TRIANGLE CLAY

IT IS USED TO MEASURE THE TOTAL MASS OF AN OBJECT

ELECTRONIC SUBSTANCE

IT IS TYPICALLY USED WITH PIPETTES
IT IS USED IN SUCTIONING LIQUID SUBSTANCES

ASPIRATOR

IT IS A DECIMAL SYSTEM OF UNITS USED EXCLUSIVELY BECAUSE IT IS MORE ACCURATE THAN THE ENGLISH SYSTEM

SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL

THESE ARE USED IN SOLVING PROBLEMS IN WHICH A CERTAIN MEASUREMENT MUST BE EXPRESSED IN DIFFERENT UNITS

CONVERSION FACTORS

SI UNIT FOR LENGTH

METER - M

SI UNIT FOR MASS

KILOGRAM - KG

SI UNIT FOR TIME

SECONDS - S

SI UNIT FOR AMOUNT

MOLE - MOL

SI UNIT FOR TEMPERATURE

KELVIN - K

SI UNIT FOR ELECTRIC CURRENT

AMPERE - AMP

SI UNIT FOR LUMINOUS INTENSITY

CANDELLA - CD

HOW MANY CM IN 1 IN?

2.54 CM

HOW MANY MI IN 1 KM?

0.62 MI

HOW MANY LB IN 1 KG?

2.20 LB

HOW MANY G IN 1 LB?

454 G

HOW MANY QT IN 1 L?

1.06 QT

HOW MANY GAL IN L?

0.26 GAL

IT IS THE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIFFERENT PHYSICAL QUANTITIES BY IDENTIFYING THEIR BASE QUANTITES AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT.

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

IT IS USED TO REFER TO CONVERSION OF UNIT FROM ONE DIMENSIONAL UNIT TO ANOTHER, WHICH CAN BE USED TO EVALUATE SCIENTIFIC FORMULA

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

IT IS A TYPE OF MEASUREMENT IN WHICH IT MEASURES HOW CLOSE TWO MEASUREMENTS ARE

PRECISION

IT IS A TYPE OF MEASUREMENT IN WHICH IT MEASURES HOW CLOSE A MEASUREMENT IS TO THE KNOWN VALUE

ACCURACY

IT IS A TYPE OF ERROR THAT OCCURS DUE TO CHANCE

RANDOM ERROR

IT IS A TYPE OF ERROR THAT OCCURS WHEN THE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM MAKES THE SAME KIND OF MISTAKE EVERY TIME IT MEASURES SOMETHING.

SYSTEMATIC ERROR

FORMULA FOR ERROR

ERROR = EXPERIMENTAL VALUE - ACCEPTED VALUE

FORMULA FOR PERCENT ERROR

PERCENT ERROR = THEORETICAL ACCEPTED VALUE - EXPERIEMENTAL VALUE X 100

THESE ARE QUANTITES IN WHICH NO EXACT AMOUNT MUST BE USED.
THESE ARE ONLY ESTIMATE OR ROUGH CALCULATION THAT GIVES A GENERAL IDEA RATHER THAN AN EXACT VALUE

EXAMPLE;
WHEN WEIGHING, THE EXPERIMENT MIGHT REQUIRE AN APPROXIMATELY 2 GRAMS, EVEN WHEN THE DIRECTION IS ONLY TO USE APPROXIMATELY ABOUT LIKE 2 GRAMS

APPROXIMATE QUANTITIES

THESE ARE QUANTITIES IN WHICH THERE IS AN EXACTNESS OF THE MATERIAL OR REAGENTS USED USING A CALIBRATED MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
THESE ARE EXACT AND ACCURATE VALUE WITH LITTLE TO NO ROOM FOR VARIATION

PRECISE QUANTITES

THESE ARE QUANTITIES THAT CAN BE MEASURED DIRECTLY USING MEASURING DEVICE

FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES

IT IS A MEASURE OF THE QUANTITY OF A MATTER IN AN OBJECT

MASS

IT REFERS TO THE FORCE OF GRAVITY EXERTS OR ACTING UPON AN OBJECT

WEIGHT

IT REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF SPACE WHICH MATTER OCCUPY

VOLUME

IT REFERS TO THE DEGREE OF HOTNESS AND COLDNESS OF AN OBJECT

TEMPERATURE

IT REFERS TO THE MEASURE OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO DISTINCT POINTS

LENGTH

IT REFERS TO THE MASS OF AN OBJECT OCCUPYING A UNIT OF VOLUME

DENSITY

IT REFERS TO THE VERTICAL DISTANCE

HEIGHT

IT REFERS TO THE HORIZONTAL DISTANCE

WIDTH

IT IS A STRAIGHT LINE SEGMENT THAT PASSES THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE CIRCLE AND WHOSE ENDPOINTS ARE ON THE CIRCLE

DIAMETER

IT IS A LINE SEGMENT FROM ITS CENTER TO ITS PERIMETER OR HALF A DIAMETER

RADIUS

IT IS THE REGULAR INTERVAL BETWEEN 2 SUCCESSIVE POINT

TIME

WHAT ARE 5 RULES OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES?

1. ALL NON-ZERO DIGITS ARE SIGNIFICANT

2. ALL ZEROS BETWEEN NON-ZERO DIGITS ARE SIGNIFICANT

3. ZERO TO THE RIGHT OF A NON-ZERO DIGITS BUT TO THE LEFT OF DECIMAL POINT ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT (APPLICABLE TO WHOLE NUMBERS)

4. ALL ZEROS TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL POINT BUT TO THE LEFT OF NON-ZERO DIGITS ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT

5. ALL ZEROS WHICH ARE TO THE RIGHT OF A DECIMAL POINT AND TO THE RIGHT OF NON-ZERO DIGITS ARE SIGNIFICANT

HOW MANY SF IN 508.0 L?

4 SF

HOW MANY SF IN 820, 400.0 L?

7 SF

HOW MANY SF IN 1.0200 X 10⁵ KG?

5 SF

HOW MANY SF IN 807, 000 KG?

3 SF

IN ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF DECIMALS, HOW MANY SIGNIFICANT FIGURES THE SUM OR DIFFERENCE MUST BE?

BASED ON THE DECIMAL WITH THE FEWEST DECIMAL PLACES

IN MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF DECIMALS, HOW MANY SIGNIFICANT FIGURES THE SUM OR DIFFERENCE MUST BE?

BASED ON THE FACTOR WITH THE FEWEST SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

IT IS THE METHOD OF WRITING VERY LARGE AND VERY SMALL NUMBERS IN TERMS OF DECIMAL NUMBER BETWEEN 1 TO 10 (N) MULTIPLIED BY A POWER OF (n) OF 10 (N x)

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

WHAT WILL BE THE SIGN OF THE EXPONENT IF YOU MOVED THE DECIMAL POINT FROM LEFT TO RIGHT?

NEGATIVE

WHAT WILL BE THE SIGN OF THE EXPONENT IF YOU MOVED THE DECIMAL POINT FROM RIGHT TO LEFT?

POSITIVE

WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC NOTATION OF 0.00000328 M?

3.28 X 10^-6

WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC NOTATION OF 0.0000000000409 KG?

4.09 X 10^-11

WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC NOTATION OF 953 000 ML?

9.53 X 10⁵

WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC NOTATION OF 3 000 000 UG?

3.0 X 10⁶

THEY DISCOVERED TWO ALKALI METALS CESIUM AND RUBIDIUM

ROBERT BUNSEN AND GUSTAV KIRCHHOFF

WHAT ARE THE TWO ALKALI METALS THAT WERE FOUND BY ROBERT BUNSEN AND GUSTAV KIRCHHOFF?

CESIUM AND RUBIDIUM

IN WHAT YEAR WAS THE TWO ALKALI METALS, CESIUM AND RUBIDIUM, WERE FOUND?

1860

IT IS AN EXTREMELY CONVENIENT SOURCE OF HEAT FOR THE CHEMICAL LABORATORY

BUNSEN BURNER

HE DESIGNED THE BUNSEN BURNER MORE THAN 100 YEARS AGO

ROBERT BUNSEN

HE WAS A RESEARCHER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG IN GERMANY

ROBERT BUNSEN