(9/19-9/24) Chapter 6- Staying Healthy: Primary Prevention and Positive Psychology

Healthy Behaviors (Hint: 3)

Health-enhancing behaviors/habits

A spectrum

Behaviors can be both good and bad

List the 4 behavior models

Health Belief Model (HBM)

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)

Health Belief Model (HBM) (Hint: 7)

• Has extensive backing in the literature

• People take action to ward off or control illness/disease if:

  • 1.) They view themselves as susceptible (invincibility factor).

  • 2.) They view condition as being serious

  • 3.) They believe that the action will reduce/deter already existing condition

  • 4.) They believe benefit outweighs cost

  • 5.) They ahve support from the environment.

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Hint: 7)

• Has a social psych flair

• There is a relationship between attitudes and behavior

• Specifically measures behavioral intention

• 3 factors:

  • Attitudes (will behavior lead to specific outcome?)

  • Subjective norm (should I because others are?)

  • Behavioral control (will I be successful?)

Behavioral intention (Hint: 3)

Are you intending on partaking in a behavior

High = high intention

Highly accurate

Transtheoretical Model (TTM) (Hint: 9)

• Applied in therapy/counseling

• Non-linear state model (can bounce between stages)

• 5 stages:

  • Pre-Contemplation

  • Contemplation

  • Preparation

  • Action

  • Maintenance

• Used for health psych with compliance (like medication regiment)

(TTM) Pre-Contemplation

Not really serious about making change

(TTM) Contemplation (Hint: 2)

Acknowledgment of issue

Not ready to make change

(TTM) Preparation (Hint: 4)

Ready to make a move

Engaged in behavioral change

Decisive point for many people

May drop back down

(TTM) Action (Hint: 3)

Behavior change has occurred

Keep it going

Considered success

(TTM) Maintenance (Hint: 2)

Long-term success

Can exist forever

Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) (Hint: 4)

• 2 stages

  • Motivational (Goal setting)

  • Volitional (Goal Pursuit)

• Core to most models

List the 3 levels of prevention

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Primary Prevention (Hint: 3)

Injury/illness has not occurred

Steps taken to initially prevent disease/illness/injury

Example: Vaccines

Secondary Prevention (Hint: 3)

Illness/disease has occurred (early)

Steps to treat/curb early parts of illness/disease

Example: Medication

Tertiary Prevention (Hint: 3)

Illness has progressed

Contain illness/disease as best as possible

Example: Cancer treatment

What are three ways to promote healthy behaviors?

Family systems

Health systems

Community systems

Family Systems (Hint: 3)

Much of our health-related behavior is directly attributed to parents/guardians and siblings

Before adolescence is key

Overtly negative behaviors passed down

Health Systems (Hint: 2)

Focus on treatment not prevention

Isues with insuance, doctors unable to deal with insurance, and burnout

Community Systems (Hint: 3)

Neighbors, schools, churches, etc.

People tend to lean on community resources

University of Minnesota Study

Describe the University of Minnesota Study (Hint: 5)

17 school districts asked to change start time by UMN psychologists (1 hour later)

Increased grades

Increased sleep

Decreased substance use

Increased mental health

What are two important questions for community systems?

How are messages delivered?

How are messages framed?

How are messages delivered? (Hint: 2)

Single info campaigns (ineffective)

Multi-faceted campaigns (more effective)

What do multi-faceted campaigns include? (Hint: 4)

Statistics (BUT CAN BE INACCURATE)

Real examples

Capitalizes on emotion

Multiple modalities

How are messages framed? (Hint: 2)

Gain-framed

Loss-framed

Gain-framed (Hint: 2)

Engage in behavior → here is what you gain

Very good for prevention

Loss-framed (Hint: 2)

Don’t engage in behavior → here is what you lose

More useful in illness detection