Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1910) Test Review Diagram | Quizlet

Andrew Carnegie

Scottish born immigrant, built a steel mill empire; US STEEL

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.

John D. Rockefeller

established Standard Oil Company used a trust to form a monopoly over the oil industry. "Robber baron"

Monopolies

Companies that control all production of a good or service.

Philanthropists

Business people who donate a lot of their profits to charity or a good cause

J.P. Morgan

a banker who took control of the bankrupt railroads and consolidated them

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

Bessemer process

first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel

Thomas Edison

New Jersey inventor credited with over 1000 inventions, including the light-bulb

the phonograph, and the movies

Second Industrial Revolution

a period of rapid growth in manufacturing and industry in the late 1800 through 1910

entrepreneur

A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.

urban

Cities

rural

Countryside

TERM

Henry Ford

DEFINITION

United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947).

TERM

Assembly Line

DEFINITION

production where everybody specialized in their own part and made it go quite fast

Interchangeable Parts

components that are, for practical purposes, identical. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type. One such part can freely replace another, without any custom fitting (such as filing). (Standardized Parts)

Consumer

growing focus of the economy to produce goods for personal consumption focus on materialism

Isaac Singer

United States inventor of an improved chain-stitch sewing machine

Christopher Latham Sholes

was an American inventor who invented the QWERTY keyboard, has been contended as one of the inventors of the first typewriter in the United States.

Alexander Graham Bell

The inventor of the telephone. Improved personal communication

Captains of Industry

business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributed positively to the country in some way. This may have been through increased productivity, expansion of markets, providing more jobs, or acts of philanthropy.

Robber Barons

a person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices (originally with reference to prominent US businessmen in the late 19th century).

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

TERM

division of labor

DEFINITION

Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers

TERM

factory system

DEFINITION

-a system of production created in order to better supervise labor

-in the factory system, workers came to a central location and worked with the machines under the supervision of managers

Skilled Workers

workers specialized skilled. A trained worker

TERM

Unskilled Workers

DEFINITION

Workers that labor doesn't require specialization. An untrained worker

Tenements

poorly built, overcrowded apartment buildings

Finished Products

items produced from raw materials that people buy in stores

Raw Materials

resources that are used to manufacture products

Mass production

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines

Standard Oil Company

Largest unit in the American oil industry in 1881. Controlled 90% of the refined oil in the United States

U.S. Steel Corporation

created in 1901; largest merger; Carnegie and J.P. Morgan formed this corporation from 200 steel/iron companies; controlled 60% of the country's steelmaking company.

TERM

Model T

DEFINITION

A cheap and simple car designed by Ford. It allowed for more Americans to own a car.

Samuel F.B. Morse

Invented the telegraph which allowed faster communication over longer distances. He also developed Morse code

Homestead Strike

Strike at Andrew Carnegie's steel plant in which Pinkerton detectives clashed with steel workers

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

labor union

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

Labor Strikes

a work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to demands

sweat shop

where employees are payed low wages for long hours, and under poor conditions

Industrialist

a person whose wealth comes from the ownership of industrial businesses and who favors government policies that support industry

Irish and Chinese immigrants

main groups who worked on the transcontinental RR (immigrants)

Central Pacific and Union Pacific

Name of the two railroads that completed the first transcontinental railroad in 1869