Emergence of new kingdoms

1\. Name the Indian kingdoms that were dominant in the following regions during the early medieval period of India.

a) Eastern India b) Western India c) Deccan d) Southern India

• Palas - Eastern India

• Gurjara- Pratiharas - Western India and upper Gangetic valleys

• Rashtrakutas - Deccan

• Chahamanas or Chauhans

• Cholas

2\. Who are feudatories? 

people who hold land under the conditions of the feudal system.

3\. What was Devapala famous for? 

* __**DEVAPALA**__ **- conquered Assam, Odisha and Nepal** 

\-Built Mahavihara

\- Near Bhagalpur

\- Patronised Haribhadra, a Buddhist author

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4\. What was the reason behind the Tripartite struggle? 

• Kanauj - Symbol of sovereignty

• Fertile region

• Wealth and military prowess

• Established temples to show power

5\. What happened between Prithviraj Chauhan and Mohammad Ghori? 

• Fought against Chahamana Rajput, Prithviraj Chauhan - last Hindu emperor of Delhi

• Mahoba, Bundelkhand and Gujarat - under Prithviraj Chauhan’s control

• Battle of Tarrains in 1191 and 1192 - Prithviraj Chauhan  was killed in the second battle

6\. What were the causes for the success of the Turks? 

INTERNAL CONFLICTS

LACK OF UNIFIED COMMAND

SUPERIOR MILITARY TECHNOLOGY OF TURKS

7\. What was the Mummadi Cholamandalam? 

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Invaded Sri Lanka and annexed its northern part -> __**Mummadi Cholamandalam**__

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8\. Describe the revenue system of the Cholas. 

• Land and cash

• Possessed by individuals and communities

• ⅓ - Tax

• Periodical revisions and modifications

• Tolls, taxes on professions

• Failure to pay - sale of land

9\. What were the titles given to the officers under the Chola administration? 

Honoured by titles - PENUNDRAM and SIRUTARAM

10\. Describe the types of assemblies in the local administration of the Chola administration.

• Three types of assemblies - Ur, Sabha/Mahasabha and Nagaram

• Ur - assembly of common villages  - land held by all classes

• Sabha - Brahmin assemblies

• Nagaram - Merchants