ch.7 digestive system

Biopsy

Removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination

Endoscopic

Pertains to the use of an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity such as the gastrointestinal tract

Dent/o or odont/o

Teeth

Gingiv/

Gum (s)

Gloss/o or lingu/o

Tongue

Or/o or stomat/o

Mouth

Ptyal/o

Saliva

sial/o

Saliva, salivary gland

Esophag/o

Esophagus

Gastr/o

Stomach

Pharyng/o

Pharynx or throat

Pylor/o

Pylorus (lower portion of the stomach)

Duoden/o

Duodenum (first part of small intestine)

Enter/o

Intestine (usually small intestine)

jejun/o

Jejunum (second part of small intestine)

ile/o

Ileum (third part of small intestine)

An/o

Anus

Append/o or appendic/o

Appendix

Col/o or colon/o

Colon

Proct/o

Anus, rectum

Sigmoid/o

Sigmoid colon

Cholangi/o

Bile vessel

Rect/o

Rectum

Chol/e

Bile, gall

Cholecyst/o

Gallbladder

choledoch/o

Bile duct

Hepat/o

Liver

Pancreat/o

Pancreas

-algia or -dynia

Pain

-emesis

vomiting

-iasis

Abnormal condition (produced by something specific)

-megaly

Enlargement

-orexia

Appetite

-osis

Abnormal condition; increase used primarily with blood cells

-pepsia

Digestion

-phagia

Swallowing, eating

-prandial

Meal

-rrhea

Discharge, flow

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed appendix

Ascites

Pathological buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity as a result of liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure

Borborygmus

Gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestines

Cirrhosis

Chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads ineffective liver function and jaundice

Diverticular disease

Formation of bulging pouches throughout the colon but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon

Dysentery

Inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps

Fistula

Abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities, such as the rectum and the vagina, or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by injury, infection, or inflammation

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter

Hematochezia

Passage of bright red, bloody stools, commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of cancer

Hemorrhoid

Mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside or outside the rectum, also called piles

Hernia

Protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

Strangulated

Hernia whose blood supply had been cut off leading to necrosis

Inflammatory bowel disease IBD

Disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines

Crohn disease

Chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract and is distinguished from closely related bowel disorders by its inflammatory pattern also called regional colitis

Ulcerative colitis

Chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood, and pain

Irritable bowel syndrome IBS

Common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon; also called spastic colon

Jaundice

Yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the yes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in blood; also called hyperbilirubinemia

Obesity

Condition in which body weight exceeds the range of normal or healthy which is characterized as a body mass index BBMI greater than 25

Morbid obesity

More severe obesity in which a person has a BMI of 40 of greater, which is generally 100lb or greater than ideal body weight

Ulcer

Open sore that may result from a perforation or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

Volvulus

Twisting of the bowel on itself causing obstruction

Barium enema

Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate into the rectum

Barium swallow

Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate also called upper GI series

Cholangiography

Radiographic examination of the bile with a contrast to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Visual examination of the esophagus, stomach and water by using an endoscope also called upper G.I. endoscopy

stool guaiac

Test performed on PC using in their region gum guaic to detect presence of blood emphasis that is not apparent on visual inspection also called hemoccult test

Bariatric surgery

Any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity

Vertical banded gastroplasty

Bariatric surgery and what’s the upper stomach near? The esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing the filling of fullness.

Roux en y gastric bypass RGB

Bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first staple to reduce it to a small pouch, and then the judging is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the weeding from the non-functioning portion of the stomach to form a configuration which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, reducing absorption of calories, and fat also called gastric bypass with gastroenterstomy

Colostomy

Excision of a disease part of the cone and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

Lithotripsy

Illuminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or by using a non-invasive method such as ultrasonic shock waves to shatter it

Extracorpeareal shock wave lithotripsy

Use of shockwaves as a non-invasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder or bile area ducts

Nasogastric intubation

Insertion of a soft plastic nasal gastric tube through the nostrils past the fairing and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach deliver medication or fluids or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

Polypectomy

Excision of small tumor like benign gross polyps that produces from a mucous membrane surface

Anti-acids

Neutralize acid in the stomach

Anti-diarrhea

Loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing in the intestine

Anti-emetics

Control, nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

Laxatives

Relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through the lower G.I. tract