summer chemistry

Metals + acid =

Salt + hydrogen

What is an atom

The smallest particle that makes up matter

What is an element

A substance made from only one type of atom.

Example:

Hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium.

there are 118 different types of elements found on the periodic table

What is compound?

A substance containing two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

Example:

Carbon dioxide is made of one carbon atom bonded with two oxygen atoms.

What is a mixture?

A mixture is when two or more substances are combined, but not chemically bonded together. They keep their original properties.

Example:

Sand and water, chocolate chip ice cream

What is a molecule

A small number of non metal atoms chemically bonded together.

Example;

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water

What is a chemical reaction?

When two or more substances combine to form new products

Sub atomic particle

A particle that is smaller than an atom

Example:

Proton, neutron, electron

Proton

A positively charged particle, located in the nucleus with a mass of 1

Electron

A negatively charged particle which orbits the nucleus of an atom. They have very little mass

Neutron

A neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a mass of 1.

what is an atomic number

an atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. It is always the smaller number

the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in a natural atom.

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Mass number - atomic number

Ion

An atom that has lost or gained electrons.

Metals lose electrons to form positive ions

Non metals gain electrons to form negative ions.

Simple molecule

A small number of non metal atoms chemically bonded by covalent bonds

What is a lattice

A lattice is a regular, repeating 3D arrangement of particles

Mass number

Mass number is equal to the number or protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

What is an ionic bond?

An ionic bond is an electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (metal and non-metal). This bond forms when an electron is transferred from a metal to a non-metal.

What is a covalent bond

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is shared between 2 atoms. This bond typically occurs between non-metal atoms.

Acid + base =

salt + water

Metal carbonate + acid =

salt + carbon dioxide + water

what is a base

A base is a substance that reacts with an acid to neutralize it, producing salt and water.

(they end in “oxide” or “hydroxide” + ammonia)

soluble

substances that can dissolve in water.

Insoluble

substances that do not dissolve in water.

What is the separation technique used to remove an insoluble solid from a liquid?

Filtration

What is “residue”

The solid left on the filter paper after filtration

What is filtrate

the liquid after it has been filtered.

what is crystallisation

A separation technique where a soluble solid can be separated from a solution by evaporation, allowing the solid to form crystals.

What is a pure substance

A pure substance is a substance that contains only one type of element or compound.

What is a displacement reaction

A chemical reaction where a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound.

What does exothermic mean

A reaction that releases heat into the surroundings, resulting in an increase in temperature.

What does endothermic mean

A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature.

What does the group number in the periodic table tell you
(the vertical column)

it tells you the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

What does the period number tell you (the horizontal rows)

tells you the number of electron shells surrounding the nucleus of an atom.