CNS Drugs: Stimulants and Depressants

These flashcards cover key concepts related to central nervous system (CNS) stimulants and depressants, including their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, effects, risks, and nursing considerations.

What are CNS stimulants?

Drugs that increase brain activity, especially in areas controlling alertness, attention, and wakefulness.

Name two neurotransmitters that stimulants act on.

Dopamine (DA) and Norepinephrine (NE).

What is the primary use of Methylphenidate (Ritalin)?

It is primarily used to treat ADHD.

What effects do stimulants have in individuals with ADHD?

They help improve focus, control impulsivity, and boost wakefulness.

What is GABA and its role in CNS depressants?

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS that calms down nerve activity.

What are common side effects of CNS depressants?

Sedation, respiratory depression, and cognitive impairment.

What is the mechanism of action for Barbiturates?

They enhance GABA and increase the duration that GABA-A chloride channels stay open.

What are the risks associated with Barbiturates?

High risk of overdose, dependence, and respiratory depression.

Name one commonly used barbiturate.

Phenobarbital.

What are Benzodiazepines used for?

They are used for sedation, anxiety disorders, seizure disorders, and muscle relaxation.

How do Benzodiazepines differ from Barbiturates?

Benzodiazepines enhance GABA but do not directly open channels, making them safer.

What are the nursing considerations for administering CNS depressants?

Monitor vital signs, watch for excessive sedation, and avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants.

What can happen if a patient abruptly stops taking Benzodiazepines?

It can cause seizures, anxiety, and insomnia.

What therapeutic level should Phenytoin be maintained at?

Therapeutic range is 10-20 mcg/mL.

What are the side effects of Phenytoin?

Bradycardia, ataxia, confusion, and gingival hyperplasia.

What should be monitored for patients on Phenytoin?

Monitor serum drug levels, liver function, and for signs of CNS effects.