Science 10 Review Questions Drills for 3rd Mid-Quarterly Examination

This set of flashcards covers critical vocabulary related to the male and female reproductive systems and the nervous system, aiding in the understanding and retention of essential concepts for the Science 10 examination.

Testes

The part of the male reproductive system responsible for producing sperm cells.

Seminiferous Tubules

The specific part of the testes where spermatogenesis occurs.

Sperm Cell vs Egg Cell

The primary difference is that the sperm cell is mobile due to having a tail, while the egg cell is not.

Prostate Gland

Produces alkaline fluid for semen and helps to neutralize the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract.

Fructose

A sugar produced by the seminal vesicles that is used by sperm cells as an energy source.

Testosterone

A hormone that develops facial hair, muscle mass, and libido in males.

LH vs FSH in Males

LH triggers testosterone production; FSH stimulates sperm production.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Produced by the hypothalamus, it stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the pituitary gland.

Menopause

The stage of life when menstrual periods stop, marking the end of a woman's reproductive years.

Ovaries

The primary female sex organs that produce egg cells.

Oogenesis

The process of egg cell formation.

Fimbriae

Structures that guide the egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube.

Menstrual Cycle Preparation

The uterine lining thickens for a possible fertilized egg cell.

Vagina

The passageway for menstrual flow and the birth canal.

FSH in Females

Produced by the pituitary gland, it stimulates ovarian follicles.

LH in Females

Stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary.

Estrogen

Produced by ovaries, it is responsible for breast enlargement, wider hips, and regulates the menstrual cycle.

Oxytocin

Triggers contractions during childbirth.

Prolactin

Produced in the pituitary gland, it promotes milk production.

Progesterone

Produced in the corpus luteum, it prepares the uterine lining for pregnancy.

Menarche

The first menstrual cycle in a female.

Ovarian Cycle vs Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle involves egg development and release; the menstrual cycle involves uterine preparation and shedding.

Ovulation

The release of a mature egg from the ovary.

Follicular Phase

The phase where the follicle grows and secretes estrogen, leading to ovulation.

Luteal Phase

The phase where the corpus luteum secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy.

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Inhibits the production of more hormones in response to higher levels in the body.

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Stimulates further production of hormones in response to initial increases.

Central Nervous System

Includes the brain and spinal cord; serves as the processing center for the entire nervous system.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Somatic Nervous System

Responsible for voluntary movements.

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls involuntary tasks such as heart rate and digestion.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Responsible for 'rest and digest' activities.

Neuron

The basic functional unit of the nervous system.

Dendrite

Receives signals from other neurons.

Axon

Sends electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Myelin Sheath

Protects axons and increases the speed of electrical impulses.

Sensory Neuron

Carries stimuli from receptors toward the central nervous system.

Motor Neuron

Carries impulses from the central nervous system to muscles to produce a response.

Synapse

The tiny gap where one nerve cell passes a message to another.

Integration

The process of interpreting sensory information in the brain.

Reflex Action

An involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus.