retrograde cystography - projections

AP PROJECTION

Demonstrate contrast filled urinary bladder

Demonstrate the distal ureter if there is reflux

AP AXIAL PROJECTION (CR 10-15 DEGREES CAUDAD)

demonstrate contrast filled urinary bladder without superimposition of the symphysis pubis

demonstrate the distal ureter if there is reflux

demonstate the urinary bladder neck

AP AXIAL PROJECTION (CR 20-25 DEGREES CAUDAD)

best demonstrate the shadow of the prostate above the pubic bone

PA AXIAL PROJECTION (CR 10-15 DEGREES CEPHALAD)

prone

demonstrate the urinary bladder neck

AP OBLIQUE PROJECTION

best demonstrate the ureterovesiurethral junction

best demonstrate the posterolateral aspect of the urinary bladder

AP AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION

best demonstrate the ureterovesicourethral junction

best demonstrate the urinary bladder neck, proximal urethra with the pubic bones below

LATERAL PROJECTION

best demonstrate anterior and posterior

surface of the base of the urinary bladder

CHASSARD-LAPINE METHOD

Axial view of the urinary bladder

Best demonstrate the posterior surface of the urinary bladder within the pelvic area

PA AXIAL PROJECTION (20-25 DEGREES CEPHALAD)

Prone

best demonstrate the shadow of the prostate above the pubic bone

TRENDELENBURG

best demonstrate an unobstructed view of the distal ureter and vesicoureteral orifice