CCAS Chapter 2 quiz

Access point:

Station that send/receives data to/from a Wi-Fi network.

Adware:

Also called pop-up generators; kind of spyware that tracks web surfing or online buying.

Animation:

The rapid sequencing of still images to create the appearance of motion, as in a cartoon.

Antivirus software:

A program that scans a computer to detect viruses and, sometimes, to destroy them.

Bandwidth:

Also known as channel capacity; expression of how much data- text, voice, video/so on- can be sent through a communications channel in a given amount of time.

Bits per second (bps):

8 bits make up a character.

Blogosphere:

The total universe of blogs.

Broadband:

High speed connection.

Browser:

Web browser:

Software that enables users to locate/view web pages/to jump from one page to another/displays the content in such a way that the content appears mostly the same regardless of the computer, operating system/display monitor.

Browser hijacker:

A damaging kind of spyware that changes settings in your browser without your knowledge.

Business-to-business (B2B) commerce:

Electronic sale or exchange of good/services directly between companies, cutting out traditional intermediaries.

Business-to-consumer (B2C) commerce:

Electronic sale or exchange of goods/services directly between companies/the public, or end users.

Cable modem:

Device connecting a personal computer to a cable-TV system that offers an internet connection.

Client:

Computer requesting data or services.

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) commerce:

Electronic sale or exchange of goods/services between individuals (consumers).

Cookies:

Little text files, such as your username, password and preferences, that are left on your hard disk by websites you visit; the websites retrieve the data when you visit again.

Dial-up connection:

Use of a telephone modem to connect a computer to the internet.

Domain:

A location on the internet; the particular web server.

DSL (digital subscriber line):

A hardware/software technology that uses regular phone lines to transmit data in megabits per second.

E-commerce (electronic commerce):

Conducting business activities online.

Email program:

Software that enable you to send email from your computer, which interacts with an email server at your internet access provider to send/receive email.

Flaming:

Writing an online message that uses derogatory, obscene or inappropriate language.

4G (fourth generation):

Successor to 3G/2G cell phone standards, with the aim to provide a wide range of data rates up to ultrabroadband (gigabit-speed) internet access to mobile as well as stationary users.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol):

Method whereby you can connect to a remote computer called an " " site/copy publicly available files to your own microcomputer's hard disk via TCP/IP over the internet.

Gigabits per second (Gbps):

1 billion bits per second.

Home page:

The starting point, or the main page, of a website that contains links to other pages at the site. This page usually has some sort of table of contents on it/often describes the purpose of the site.

Hotspot:

Public access to Wi-Fi networks.

Hypertext links:

Links:

Also called hyperlinks, hotlinks, or just links; HTML connections to other documents or web pages that contain related information.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):

Communications rules that allow browsers to connect with web servers.

Individual search engine

Type of internet search tool that complies its own searchable database on the web. You search for information by typing one or more keywords/the " " then displays a list of web pages, or "hits", that contain those keywords, ordered from most likely to least likely to contain the information you want.

Instant messaging (IM):

Service that enables any user on a given email system to send a message/have it pop up instantly on the screen of anyone else logged onto that system.

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names/Numbers:

(ICANN):

Global, private-sector, nonprofit corporation that was established to regulate human-friendly internet domain names, those addresses ending with .com, .org, .net, and so on that overlie IP addresses/identify the website type.

Internet Exchange point (IXP):

A routing computer at a point on the internet where several connections come together.

Internet Protocol (IP) address:

Uniquely identifies every computer/device connected to the internet; consists of 4 sets of numbers between 0/255 separated by decimals-for Example, 1.160.10.240. this address is similar to a street address. However, street addresses rarely change, but IP addresses often do.

*Why it's important-Each time you connect to your ISP, the ISP will assign your computer a new IP address, called a dynamic IP address, for your online session. When you request data from the internet, it is transmitted to your computer's IP address. when you disconnect, your ISP frees up the IP address you were using/reassigns it to another user. Established organizational websites have their own static IP addresses.

Internet service provider (ISP):

Local, regional, or national organizations that provides access to the internet for a fee.

Internet telephony:

VoIP (voice over internet protocol):

Also known as VoIP, short for voice over internet protocol; method of making phone calls via the internet, either one-to-one or for audioconferencing.

Internet2:

A cooperative university/business education/research project that enables high-end users to quickly/reliably move huge amounts of data over high-speed networks.

Key logger:

Also known as keystroke logger; spyware that can record each character you type/transmit that information to someone else on the internet.

Keyword:

A " " is the subject word or words that refer to the topic you wish to find.

Kilobits per second (kbps):

1,000 bits per second.

Malware (malicious software):

"Bad" programs that can attack your computer systems and mobile devices. they include viruses, worms/Trojan horses, zombies/bots, ransomware/rootkits. " " can crash your computer/device, steal personal information/track and control your digital activity.

Megabits per second (Mbps):

One million bits per second.

Message board:

Web-based discussion group that does not require a newsreader.

Metasearch engine:

Type of internet search tool that allows you to search several search engines simultaneously.

Narrowband:

Low-bandwidth connection, such as dial-up (telephone).

Netiquette:

"Network etiquette," or appropriate online behavior.

*why it's important- in general " " has 2 basic rules

1) Don't waste people's time and

2) Don't say anything to a person online that you wouldn't say to his or her face.

Password:

A special combination of letters/or numbers that limits access to information.

Pharming:

A type of phishing in which malicious software is implanted on a victim's computer that redirects the user to an imposter web page even when the individual types the correct address into his or her browser.

Phishing:

Short for password harvesting fishing;

1) The sending of a forged email that

2) Directs recipients to a replica of an existing web page, both of which pretend to belong to a legitimate company.

Podcasting:

Recording of internet audio or video that can be downloaded.

Pop-up ads:

Form of online advertising in which, when you visit certain websites, a new window opens, or " ", to display advertisements.

POTS (plain old telephone system):

Basic connection to the internet.

Protocol:

Set of communication rules for exchanging information.

Push technology:

Software that automatically downloads information to your computer, as opposed to pull technology, in which you go to a website/pull down the information you want

Radio button:

Interactive tool displayed as little circles in front of options; selecting an option with the mouse places a dot in the corresponding circle.

Scroll arrows:

Small up/down and left/right arrows located to the bottom and side of your screen display.

Scrolling:

Moving quickly upward or downward through text or some other screen display, using the mouse/scroll arrows (or the arrow keys on the keyboard).

Search engine:

Search tool that allows you to find specific documents through keyword searches/menu choices, in contrast to directories, which are lists of websites classified by topics.

Search hijacker:

A damaging kind of spyware that can intercept your legitimate search requests made to real search engines and return results from phony search services.

Search service:

Organization that maintains databases accessible through websites.

Server:

Central computer supplying data or services.

Showrooming:

Phenomenon in which shoppers browse for products in stores, only to buy them from an online rival, frequently at a lower price.

Site:

Website:

Location of a web domain name in a computer somewhere on the internet.

Social-network website:

An online community that allows members to keep track of their friends/share ideas/media.

Spam:

Unsolicited email in the form of advertising or chain letters.

Spoofing:

The forgery of an email sender name so that the message appears to have originated from someone or somewhere other than the actual source.

Spyware:

Deceptive software that is surreptitiously installed on a computer via the web.

Streaming audio:

Process of downloading audio in which you can listen to the file while the data is being downloaded to your computer.

Streaming video:

Process of downloading video in which the data are transferred in a continuous flow so that you can begin viewing a file before the end of the file is sent.

Subject directory:

Type of search engine that allows you to search for information by selecting lists of categories or subjects such as "Business/Commerce" or "Arts/Humanities."

Surf:

To explore the web by using your mouse to move via a series of connected paths, or links, from one location, or website, to another. " " requires a browser.

Tags:

Do-it-yourself labels that people can put on anything found on the internet, from articles to photos to videos.

Text box:

Fill-in text box.

3G (third generation):

High-speed wireless technology that does not need access points because it uses the existing cellphone system

Thread:

Also known as threaded discussion; a collection of messages on a particular subject posted in an online discussion.

Transmission Control Protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP):

Protocol that enables all computers to use data transmitted on the internet by determining-

1) The type of error checking to be used.

2) The data compression method.

3) How the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message and

4) How the receiving device will indicate that it has received a message.

TCP/IP breaks data into packets, which are the largest blocks of data that can be sent across the internet (less than 1,500 character, or 128 kilobytes).

IP is used to send the packets across the internet to their final destination/TCP is used to reassemble the packets in the correct order.

URL (uniform resource locator):

String of characters that points to a specific piece of information anywhere on the web. A " " consists of

1) The web protocol,

2) The name of the web server,

3) The directory (or folder) on that server, and

4) File within that directory (perhaps with an extension such as html or htm)

Username (user ID):

A unique combination of characters, such as letters and or numbers, that identifies a specific user of an account.

Virus:

Malware program that migrates through the internet or via operating systems/attaches itself to different programs that spread from one computer to another, leaving infections.

Web 2.0:

The move toward a more social, collaborative, interactive and responsive World Wide Web.

Web-based email:

Email messages that you send/receive by interacting via a browser with a website.

Webcasting:

Service based on push technology whereby customized text, video/audio are sent to the user automatically on a a regular basis or live on demand.

Web page:

Document on the world wide web that can include text, pictures, sound/video.

Wi-Fi:

Short for " wireless fidelity." The name given to any of several standards- so called 802.11 standards- set by the Institute of Electrical/Electronic Engineers for wireless transmission.

Wiki:

Simple piece of software that can be downloaded for free and used to make a website that can be corrected or added to by anyone.

Window:

A rectangular area on a computer display screen that contains a document or activity.

Wireless internet service provider (WISP):

Organization that enables users with computers containing wireless modems- mostly laptops, tablets/smartphones- to gain access to the internet.

Wireless network:

Network that uses radio waves to transmit data, such as Wi-Fi.

Web 1.0

Refers to the World Wide Web during its first few years of operation between 1991 and 2003.

Web 3.0

future vision of the web where all digital information is woven together with intelligent search capabilities