The Cardiovascular System:

Hemopoietic Growth Factors

Regulate differentiation and proliferation of blood cells.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A hormone produced by the kidneys that increases red blood cell precursors and stimulates red blood cell production.

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

A hormone from the liver that stimulates platelet formation.

Cytokines

Local hormones of bone marrow that stimulate white blood cell production.

Leukopoietin

A cytokine that stimulates white blood cell production, derived from pluripotent stem cells.

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Cells that contain hemoglobin, carry oxygen, and are red in color.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells made up of four polypeptide chains that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Oxyhemoglobin

The form of hemoglobin bound to oxygen, giving it a scarlet color.

Erythropoiesis

The process by which red blood cells are produced.

Biliverdin

A green pigment that is converted to bilirubin, a yellow pigment.

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

Cells that are larger than erythrocytes, have a nucleus, and are involved in the immune response.

Granulocytes

A category of leukocytes that contain cytoplasmic granules.

Agranulocytes

A category of leukocytes that lack visible granules.

Neutrophils

The most abundant type of white blood cells that act as phagocytes and are the first line of defense.

Eosinophils

White blood cells that deal with parasitic infections and mediate allergic responses.

Basophils

The least common type of leukocyte that plays a role in inflammation.

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Disc-shaped cell fragments with no nucleus, important for blood clotting.

Hemostasis

The process of stopping bleeding by coagulation.

Agglutinins

Substances, often antibodies, that cause clumping of particles such as cells.

Agglutinogens

Proteins on foreign cells that trigger an immune response.

Vitamin K

A vitamin needed for the synthesis of proteins required for blood clotting.

Thrombus

A stationary blood clot, often leading to complications.

Embolus

A floating blood clot that can obstruct blood vessels.

Another name for neutrophil

Polymorphonuclear

Erythrocytes/polycythemia

Overproduction of Red blood cells

How can you determine different blood types (Transfusion)

Through antigens

Hemoglobin

transports oxygen as oxyhemoglobin

How can you take out blood?

From the vein. The vein is close to the surface

Red Blood Cell lifespan

120 days

Plasma

Liquid part of the blood

Jaundice

to much of breakdown product

Hematocrit

Percentage of RBC in the blood

Albumen

Too little of breakdown product

Leukopenia

Too many White blood cells

Leukocytosis

Too little White Blood Cells