Study Materials for Exam 1, Part 1: Autonomic Nervous System - Flashcards

what part of the nervous system is flight or fight

sympathetic

what part of the nervous system is rest and digest

parasympathetic

what division of the nervous system increases alertness, metabolic rate and muscular abilities

sympathetic division

what division of the nervous system conserves energy and maintains resting metabolic rate

parasympathetic division

most preganglionic fibers are

myelinated

postganglionic fibers are

unmyelinated

all parasympathetic neurons release

Acetylcholine (ACh)

the sympathetic division is organized in what regions

thoracolumbar

the parasympathetic division is organized in what regions

craniosacral

in the sympathetic preganglionic fibers are _____ and the postganglionic are ____

short, long

in the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are _____ and the postganglionic are ____

long, short

what type of ganglia are paired and on both sides of the vertebral column

sympathetic chain ganglia

what type of ganglia are unpaired and anterior to vertebral bodies

collateral ganglia

what ganglia is found on the stomach, liver, pancreas and spleen

celiac ganglia

what ganglia is found on the small intestine and some of the large intestine

superior mesenteric ganglia

what ganglia is found on the rectum, kidney, bladder and sex organs

inferior mesenteric ganglia

Beta 1 receptors (location and function)

- located on the heart

-increases metabolic activity and HR

Beta 2 receptors (location and function)

- located on lung musculature

- relaxation of smooth muscle and bronchodilation

Alpha 1 receptors (function and effect)

- increases energy production and enzyme activation

- excitatory effect

Alpha 2 receptors (function and effect)

-coordinates activities of ANS

- inhibitory effect

what functions as a modified sympathetic ganglion

adrenal medulla

what neurotransmitter stimulates more alpha receptors than beta

norepinephrine (NE)

what neurotransmitter stimulates both alpha and beta receptors

epinephrine (E)

what do most sympathetic POSTganglionic fibers release

norepinephrine (NE)

what do all parasympathetic POSTganglionic fibers release

Acetylcholine (ACh)

what do both sympathetic and parasympathetic PREganglionic fibers release

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

found on all postganglionic neuron membranes, occur at neuromuscular junction (in ganglia)

What are the receptors that are found on all ganglionic cells of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS?

nicotinic receptors

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

found in postsynaptic effector cell membranes (in effectors)

are nicotinic receptors excitatory, inhibitory or both

excitatory

are muscarinic receptors excitatory, inhibitory or both

both

Responses to increased parasympathetic activity

1. Decreased metabolic rate

2. Decreased HR and BP

3. Increased motility and blood flow in digestive tract

4. stimulation of urination and defecation

Responses to increased sympathetic activity

1. Heightened mental alertness

2. Increased metabolic rate

3. Reduced digestive and urinary functions

4. Increased respiratory rate

5. Increased HR rate and BP pressure

6. Sweat glands activated

what does every spinal nerve receive from a ganglion of the sympathetic chain

gray ramus

for sympathetic chain ganglia if the effector is INSIDE the thoracic cavity where do the fibers run through

sympathetic nerves

for sympathetic chain ganglia if the effector is OUTSIDE the thoracic cavity where do the fibers run through

gray ramus communicans to spinal nerves

what ganglia's target organs are visceral effectors in the abdominopelvic cavity

collateral ganglia

what ganglia's target organs are visceral effectors in the thoracic cavity, head, body wall, and limbs

sympathetic chain ganglia

where do preganglionic fibers in the collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division synapse

within the collateral ganglia

where do preganglionic fibers in the adrenal medulla of the sympathetic division synapse

within the adrenal medulla (top of kidneys)

in the parasympathetic division where are postganglionic neurons are located

near the effector organ (terminal) or in wall of organ (intramural)

what do the presynaptic neurons from CN III (oculomotor) innervate

the pupil (for dilation or contraction)

what do the presynaptic neurons from CN IX (glossopharyngeal) innervate

salivary glands

what do the presynaptic neurons from CN VII (facial) innervate

salivary or lacrimal glands

what nerve accounts for 75% of all parasympathetic outflow

CN X Vagus