3. CR: oxidative phosphorylation

electron transport chain + chemiosmosis

What is cellular respiration?

The process where cells break down organic molecules and transfer electrons through an ETC to a final electron acceptor to produce ATP

oxidative phosphorylation: What is it?

a metabolic pathway that uses enzymes to oxidize nutrients, releasing chemical energy to produce ATP. This involves the flow of electrons through a series of membrane-bound proteins, generating ADP to ATP

oxidative phosphorylation: Where is it?

cell/plasma membrane

oxidative phosphorylation: what goes in?

NADH and FADH2

oxidative phosphorylation: what goes out?

34 ATP, 6H20

oxidative phosphorylation: does it need oxygen to function/ what conditions does it need to function?

Yes for aerobic respiration since O2 would be the final e- acceptor

oxidative phosphorylation: how is it regulated?

1.NADH drops off high energy e- @ first carrier protein and travels through cytochrome, #3, and #4. As electrons travel, they lose energy

1A.FADH2 is another e- carrier that adds its electrons to cytochrome Q. #3, Cyt c, and #4. It makes 2 ATP instead of 3 since it skipped the first protein complex

2. Energy released from the electrons are used to pump H+ ions from the inside to the outside of the cell to create a proton gradient using active transport. That side is acidic and positively charged

3. ATP synthase is a special protein channel that allows protons from the proton gradient to diffuse across the cell membrane. During this process, energy is released and used by the enzyme to synthesize ADP + Pi = ATP by phosphorylation

if you don’t use the e- transport chain and Krebs, 1) the cell is using only and 2) performing?

1) using ONLY glycolysis, 2) fermentation

What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

Fermentation uses only glycolysis and regenerates NAD+ from NADH to continue glycolysis, anaerobic respiration uses glycolysis, partial Krebs, and uses nitrate or sulfate as the final e- acceptor in the ETC

What is Q in the ETC?

Q is a coenzyme, or a small protein carrier

what do carrier proteins do in the ETC?

The carrier proteins in the electron transport chain (ETC) for prokaryotes are responsible for transferring electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors. These proteins are essential for the transfer of electrons through the membrane, which is coupled with the transfer of protons (H⁺) across the membrane. This process creates an electrochemical gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. The specific role of each carrier protein can vary depending on the prokaryotic species and the environmental conditions, such as oxygen availability.

what does cty c (cytochrome c) do in the ETC?

It facilitates the transfer of electrons between Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex) and Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), which are essential for ATP synthesis.

why do we generate 38 atp from aerobic respiration instead of 36?

we dont have to transport NADH across any membranes (mitochondria uses 2 ATP!)