Blood groups, transfusions and the lymphatic system

What is the purpose of a blood transfusion?

To replace excessive blood loss due to surgery, injury, medical conditions, or to treat certain types of anemia.

What type of blood transfusion is used for severe traumatic hemorrhage?

Whole blood transfusion.

How is a red blood cell transfusion achieved?

By spinning blood at very high speed in a centrifuge.

What condition does a platelet transfusion treat?

Low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).

What is fresh frozen plasma used for?

To replace missing or low levels of blood proteins.

What factors are included in cryoprecipitate?

Clotting factors like factor VIII, Factor XIII, and fibrinogen.

What is autologous transfusion?

When a patient’s own blood is collected and used for transfusion prior to surgery.

What determines blood groups in the ABO system?

The antigens present on the surface of red blood cells.

What happens if a Rh-negative person receives Rh-positive blood?

They will produce antibodies that react to the donated blood.

What is agglutination?

The clumping together of microorganisms or red blood cells due to antibodies binding to foreign antigens.

What role do lymph nodes play in the lymphatic system?

They filter lymph, trapping larger particles like bacteria, and produce lymphocytes during infections.

What are the main components of the lymphatic system?

Lymph, lymph capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes.

What is the role of the lymphatic system in body fluid balance?

To drain excess fluid from tissues back to the circulatory system, preventing tissue swelling.

What is the first step in the blood clotting process?

Vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow to minimize blood loss.

What do platelets release upon activation during clot formation?

Chemicals that enhance vasoconstriction and help form a platelet plug.

How does fibrinogen transform into fibrin in the clotting process?

A chemical pathway triggered by platelets causes fibrinogen to change shape, converting it into insoluble fibrin.

What happens during clot retraction?

The fibrin meshwork shrinks, pulling the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together and aiding tissue repair.

What is the purpose of a blood transfusion?

To replace excessive blood loss due to surgery, injury, medical conditions, or to treat certain types of anemia.

What type of blood transfusion is used for severe traumatic hemorrhage?

Whole blood transfusion.

How is a red blood cell transfusion achieved?

By spinning blood at very high speed in a centrifuge.

What condition does a platelet transfusion treat?

Low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).

What is fresh frozen plasma used for?

To replace missing or low levels of blood proteins.

What factors are included in cryoprecipitate?

Clotting factors like factor VIII, Factor XIII, and fibrinogen.

What is autologous transfusion?

When a patient’s own blood is collected and used for transfusion prior to surgery.

What determines blood groups in the ABO system?

The antigens present on the surface of red blood cells.

What happens if a Rh-negative person receives Rh-positive blood?

They will produce antibodies that react to the donated blood.

What is agglutination?

The clumping together of microorganisms or red blood cells due to antibodies binding to foreign antigens.

What role do lymph nodes play in the lymphatic system?

They filter lymph, trapping larger particles like bacteria, and produce lymphocytes during infections.

What are the main components of the lymphatic system?

Lymph, lymph capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes.

What is the role of the lymphatic system in body fluid balance?

To drain excess fluid from tissues back to the circulatory system, preventing tissue swelling.

What is the first step in the blood clotting process?

Vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow to minimize blood loss.

What do platelets release upon activation during clot formation?

Chemicals that enhance vasoconstriction and help form a platelet plug.

How does fibrinogen transform into fibrin in the clotting process?

A chemical pathway triggered by platelets causes fibrinogen to change shape, converting it into insoluble fibrin.

What happens during clot retraction?

The fibrin meshwork shrinks, pulling the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together and aiding tissue repair.

What blood type is a person if they had agglutination of the B antigen and on the D antigen?

Type B positive.

What blood type is considered the universal donor?

Type O negative.

What blood type is considered the universal recipient?

Type AB postive.