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Pathological
Offenders are sick, abnormal and need to be rehabilitated
Phrenology
The detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of criminality
XYY syndrome
An extra chromosome which causes above-average height
MAOA gene
A gene correlated with anti social behaviour if mutated
Physiognomy
The study of facial features
Mednick
The researcher who found that 25% of criminal offspring would still commit crime, even when adopted by non-criminal parents
Schoenthaler
The researcher who found that a high sugar diet can cause aggressive and erratic behaviour
Testosterone
Male sex hormone linked to aggressive criminal behaviour
Serotonin
A neurotransmitter that affects sleep, arousal and mood, if at low levels in the brain, this can link to criminal activities
Amygdala
A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, if damaged or faulty it can lead to violent crime by decreasing fear and increasing aggression
Prefrontal cortex
Part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language, if damaged it can lead to impulsive criminal acts
Phineas Gage
The railroad worker who survived a severe brain injury that dramatically changed his personality and behaviour
Note 
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