chpt. 11 : Growth and Development: Infancy Through Adolescence

A series of vocabulary flashcards summarizing key concepts related to growth and development from infancy to adolescence.

Germinal stage

The initial stage of prenatal development where the zygote travels to the uterus and becomes a blastocyst.

Embryonic stage

The stage where all systems and organs are formed, beginning with the heart and limbs.

Fetal stage

The stage of development where organs and systems become refined and growth continues rapidly.

Puberty

The period of sexual maturation that typically occurs between ages 9 to 17 in girls and around 14 in boys.

Freud’s theory

A theory that divides personality development into five stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Erikson’s psychosocial development

A theory that outlines eight stages of psychosocial development that span the entire lifespan.

Kohlberg’s moral development

A theory that describes the progression of moral reasoning and ethical behavior.

Piaget’s cognitive development

A theory describing the stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

Reflexes in newborns

Basic involuntary actions such as grasping, sucking, and the Moro reflex present at birth.

Infancy

The developmental stage from birth to 18 months, characterized by rapid physical and cognitive growth.

Adolescence

The stage of development from ages 12 to 18, marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes.

Age-appropriate discipline

Methods of guiding children’s behavior and improving emotional regulation appropriate to their developmental stage.

Prenatal health care

Regular medical care that is crucial for the health of both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy.

Secondary sex characteristics

Physical features that emerge during puberty, such as breast development in girls and voice deepening in boys.

Motor development in infants

The sequence of physical skills development, such as crawling and walking, typical in early life.

Cognitive development in infants

The process where infants build their understanding of the world through experiences and interactions.