Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes to aid in exam preparation.

Solvent

A substance that dissolves other substances.

Lipids

Category of substances that water cannot dissolve.

Hydroxyl

OH functional group.

Carboxyl

COOH functional group.

Phosphate group

PO4 functional group.

Dehydration reaction

Removal of water to form a bond.

Hydrolysis

Adding water to break a bond.

Carbonyl

Functional group found in carbohydrates.

Hydroxyl

Functional group found in carbohydrates.

Monosaccharide

Simple sugar; monomer of carbohydrates.

Disaccharide

Two sugars.

Polysaccharide

More than two sugars.

Fructose

Common monosaccharide.

Lactose

Milk sugar; a disaccharide.

Cellulose

Polysaccharide used for structure in plants.

Chitin

Polysaccharide used for structure in animals (exoskeleton).

Starch

Storage polysaccharide.

Amino acids

Monomer of a protein.

AUG

Start codon which stands for Met.

Polar

Category of R groups.

Nonpolar

Category of R groups that are hydrophobic.

Hydrophobic

Water-fearing.

Hydrophilic

Water-loving.

Peptide bond

Bond that holds amino acids together.

Polypeptide

Long chain of amino acids.

Energy

Main function of carbohydrates.

Insulation

Function of fat.

DNA/RNA

Function of nucleic acids (make protein).

Secondary structure

Determined by primary controls the other levels.

Alpha Helix

Shade of secondary.

Beta Sheets

Shade of secondary.

Hydrogen

Bond that controls secondary structure.

Tertiary

Three d folder.

R groups

Deals with tertiary structure.

Nitrogenous base

Composed of phosphate, nitrogen base and a five carbon sugar

DNA

Stores genetic information.

RNA

Codes for proteins.

Purines

Two carbon rings.

Pyrimidines

One carbon ring.

Oxygen

Element missing in deoxyribose.

Nitrogen bases

A, T, C's, and G's.

Three prime

End where nucleotides always get added.

Saturated

Rigid.

Unsaturated

Kinky.

Cell membrane

Composed of phospholipids.

Tail

Hydrophobic part of the phospholipid.

Head

Hydrophilic part of the phospholipid.

DNA

Genetic material.

Ribosomes

Synthesize proteins.

Cytoplasm

Holds organelles.

Cell membrane

Outer boundary of the cell.

Eukaryotes

Has straight chromosomes, nuclear membrane.

More efficiency

Compartmentalization.

Folding

Type of compartmentalization.

Cell wall

Plant cell contains of.

Central vacuole

Plant cell contains of.

Chloroplast

Plant cell contains of.

Centrosomes

Animal cell contains of.

Lysosomes

Animal cell contains of.

Cilia/Flagella

Animal cell contains of.

Nucleus

Protects DNA.

MRNA

Can leave the nucleus.

Ribosomes

Can leave the nucleus.

Synthesize proteins

Job for rhizome.

Smoothie r

Makes lipids and detoxifies.

CytoSol

Has CytoSol can help with structure and destroy.

Modify the packages and labels

Golgi.

Cis

Side of the golgi in which things enter.

Trans

Golgi where things exit.

Cisternae

Flattened discs that make up the golgi.

Autophagy

Lysosomes recycling their own organic material.

Hydroxide

Breaks down by the paroxysol.

Transport

Vacuum used for transfer.

Rocky arm

The X4 cell is gonna travel along the blood organelles.

Exosythesis

Done at the golgi.