The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the molecular basis of inheritance, focusing on genetic engineering, PCR, and DNA manipulation techniques.

CRISPR-Cas9

A revolutionary genetic engineering system that includes a DNA-cutting enzyme (Cas9) and guide RNA.

Restriction Enzyme

An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences, creating fragments for genetic manipulation.

Recombinant DNA

DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A method used to amplify small segments of DNA, allowing for the creation of millions of copies from a small initial sample.

Guide RNA (gRNA)

A RNA molecule that guides the Cas9 enzyme to the specific DNA sequence that needs to be cut.

DNA Ligase

An enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by forming phosphodiester bonds.

Sticky Ends

Short, single-stranded overhangs that result from the cut of restriction enzymes, allowing for easier joining of DNA fragments.

Denaturation

The first step in PCR where heat is applied to separate the DNA strands.

Annealing

The second step in PCR where primers bind to their complementary sequences on the separated DNA strands.

Extension

The third step in PCR where DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.

Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size by applying an electric current to a gel.