Biology C2.2 Nervous Signalling

Explain how nervous impulse is being transffered from presynaptic membrane to postsynaptic membrane.

Keywords

Voltage-gated Pottasium ion channel

Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion channel

Calcium ion channel

Nuerotransmitter

Receptor

Resting potential

Acting potential

Vesicles

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What are the three factors for keeping nervous cell at negative voltage (-70mV)

Negatively charged proteins in nervous cell

Faciliates diffusion, the neuron membrane is more permeable to pottasium than to Sodium

Sodium-Pottasium pump out 3 Sodiun ion and pump in 2 Pottasium ion using ATP

two factors, the speed of transmission of nervous impulses is being improved

The diameter of Axon

The Myelith sheesh

Explain Depolarization 

Explain Repolarization

How does Neonicotinoids causes paralysis and death of Insects.

• Central Nervous system

• Acetylchlorine

• Synaptic Inhibition

• Cholinergic Synapse

Neonicotinoids bind Irreversibly to acetylchlorine receptor in cholinergic synapse which is central nervous system of insects.

This leads to synaptic inhibition and lead to palarysis.

How does stimulant drugs such as cocane lead to sense of euphoria.

Cocaine attaches to special proteins called “Dopamine transporter” and intervenes with the recycling process of dopamine which is attached to the receptors of postsynaptic membrane. This results in accumulation of dopamine in receptors of  postsynaptic membrane which leads to the sense of Euphoria.

• What is the example of inhibitory neurotransmitters

• What channel does it open

• How does it inhibit impluses

• What is an example of Excitatory neurotransmitter

1. The example of inhibitory neurotransmitter is GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid)

2. It usually opens Calcium ion channel, (C - )

3. By lowering the voltage of resting potential to be lower than usual (Normally, -70mV but when this is the case -80mV). This process is regarded as hyperpolarization.

4. Acetylchlorine

What is a Summation

Stimulation of action potential caused by multiple excitatory neurotransmitter released by multilpetransmitting neuron.

WTH is conciousness