Period 4- APUSH

APUSH

What is the difference between loose and strict constructionism?

Loose constructionism allows for expansive governmental power via the elastic clause, while strict constructionism limits governmental authority by interpreting the Constitution narrowly.

What were the Barbary Wars?

A series of conflicts between the U.S. and Barbary states over tribute payments demanded from American trade vessels.

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

The acquisition of land from France that doubled the territory of the United States.

Why was the Louisiana Purchase controversial?

It was controversial because Jefferson, a strict constructionist, found no constitutional provision for the president to purchase land.

What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

It expanded the power of the Supreme Court by establishing the precedent for judicial review.

What were the causes of the War of 1812?

American suspicion of British inciting Native American attacks and British policy of impressment.

What were the effects of the War of 1812?

Intense nationalism and the decline of Federalist political significance, leading to dominance by the Democratic-Republicans.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

A legislative agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain a Senate balance.

What is the American System?

A plan proposed by Henry Clay to unite the national economy, consisting of protective tariffs, a second national bank, and government-funded infrastructure.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A foreign policy that warned European nations against further colonization or intervention in the Americas.

Define the Market Revolution.

A period of significant economic change characterized by advancements in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation.

What new technologies contributed to economic growth during the Market Revolution?

Technologies such as the cotton gin, spinning machines, interchangeable parts, steamboats, and trains.

How did the Market Revolution affect society and immigration?

It resulted in increased wealth inequality, an influx of immigration (particularly from Ireland and Germany), and more women working in factories.

What was the 'corrupt bargain'?

The contentious resolution of the 1824 presidential election that favored John Quincy Adams despite Andrew Jackson's popular support.

What prompted South Carolina to threaten secession?

The Tariff of Abominations, which South Carolina claimed was unconstitutional.

How did the Election of 1824 rearrange the political parties?

The Democratic-Republicans split into Whigs and Democrats, led by Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson, respectively.

How were Native Americans treated by the government during the Jacksonian Era?

They were forcibly removed to new 'Indian Territory' through violations of treaties and court rulings.

What was transcendentalism?

A philosophical movement emphasizing the relationship between humans and nature and the potential for human perfectibility.

What was the Second Great Awakening?

A religious revival movement that democratized religious enthusiasm and influenced Protestant identities.

What were utopian communities?

Social groups formed by individuals aiming to create ideal societies based on religious or reform ideals.

List and describe the social reform movements during this time period.

Movements included abolitionism (ending slavery), temperance (reducing alcohol consumption), and women's rights (education equality and suffrage).