APUSH UNIT 1-5

Pre-Columbian Societies

Advanced Native American societies before European contact

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of goods, people, and diseases between continents

Spanish Colonization System

Spanish focus on wealth, conversion, and control

Encomienda System

Forced Native labor under Spanish settlers

Three Gs Motivation

God, Gold, and Glory

English vs Spanish vs French Colonization

Different colonization goals and Native relations

Native Americans and Europeans

Contact caused disease, conflict, and displacement

Jamestown

First permanent English colony

Regional Differences

Economic differences among colonial regions

Triangular Trade

Trade linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas

Middle Passage

Brutal journey of enslaved Africans

Colonial Challenges

Disease, hunger, and conflict

Cash Crops

Profitable crops grown for trade

Subsistence Farming

Farming for survival

Pilgrims

Religious settlers of Plymouth

City Upon a Hill

Puritan model Christian society

Congregationalism

Self-governing churches

Stamp Act

Tax on printed materials

Boston Massacre

British soldiers killed colonists

Boston Tea Party

Colonists protested tea taxes

Sons of Liberty

Group resisting British policies

Intolerable Acts

Punitive British laws

First Continental Congress

Colonial resistance meeting

Reasons for Colonial Anger

Taxes and loss of rights

Common Sense

Argument for independence

No Taxation Without Representation

Opposition to unfair taxation

Loyalists vs Patriots

British supporters vs independence supporters

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring independence

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point battle

Articles of Confederation

Weak national government

Shays’ Rebellion

Farmers’ uprising

Constitutional Convention

Meeting to create Constitution

Three-Fifths Compromise

Slaves counted for representation

Anti-Federalists

Opposed strong federal power

Bill of Rights

Individual freedoms

Washington’s Presidency

Set national precedents

Hamilton vs Jefferson

Federal power vs states’ rights

Farewell Address

Warning against parties and alliances

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic conflict with France

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws limiting immigrants and speech

Election of 1800

Peaceful power transfer

Embargo Act

Trade ban hurting economy

Louisiana Purchase

U.S. land expansion

Marbury v. Madison

Judicial review established

Era of Good Feelings

Period of unity

American System

Economic development plan

Missouri Compromise

Slave–free state balance

Jacksonian Democracy

Expanded white male voting

Indian Removal Act

Forced Native relocation

Trail of Tears

Deadly Native removal

Bank War

Jackson opposed national bank

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival

Abolition Movement

Effort to end slavery

Cotton Gin

Increased cotton production

Second Middle Passage

Internal slave trade

Women’s Rights Movement

Effort for women’s equality

Manifest Destiny

Belief in westward expansion

Texas Independence

Texas broke from Mexico

Mexican-American War

U.S.–Mexico conflict

California Gold Rush

Gold-driven migration

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended Mexican-American War

Compromise of 1850

Temporary slavery solution

Fugitive Slave Act

Returned escaped slaves

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Popular sovereignty law

Bleeding Kansas

Violence over slavery

Republican Party

Opposed slavery expansion

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Anti-slavery novel

Dred Scott Decision

Denied Black citizenship

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Debates over slavery

John Brown’s Raid

Attempted slave revolt

Election of 1860

Lincoln elected

South Carolina Secession

First state to leave Union

Civil War

Union vs Confederacy

Union vs Confederate Advantages

Industry vs leadership

Battle of Antietam

Bloody turning point

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed enslaved in Confederacy

Gettysburg Address

Redefined war goals

Appomattox Court House

Confederate surrender

13th Amendment

Ended slavery