Physical Science Chapter 7

Which is luminous?

Sun

A source of light given off as a result of high temperatures is said to be…

incandescent

An idealized materials that absorbs and perfectly emits electromagnetic radiation is a…

blackbody

Electromagnetic radiation is given off from matter at any temperature. This radiation is called…

blackbody radiation

Light interacts with matter by which process?

-Absorption

-Reflection

-Transmission

Materials that do not allow the transmission of any light are called…

opaque

Light is said to travel in straight-line paths, as light rays, until it interacts with matter. A line representing the orginal ray before it interacts with matter is called an…

incident ray

The image you see in a mirror…

is a virtual image

Refraction of light happens when light undergoes…

a change of speed between two transparent materials

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a transparent material is called the…

index of refraction

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes can detect is…

visible

The component colors of sunlight were first studied by…

Newton

The color order of longer-wavelength waves in the visible region is…

red, orange,yellow,green,blue,violet

The separation of white light into its component colors is..

dispersion

Polarization of light is best explained by considering light to be…

vibrating waves in one plane

Light in one plane is transmitted and light in all other planes is absorbed. This is…

selective absorption

The photoelectric effect is best explained by considering light to be..

moving particles

The concept that vibrating molecules emit light in discrete amounts of energy, called quanta, was proposed by…

Planck

The photoelectric effect was explained, using Planck’s work, by…

Einstein

Today, light is considered to be packets of energy with a frequency related to its energy. These packets are called…

photons

Fiber optics transmits information using…

light

A luminous object…

produces light of its own by any method

An object is hot enough to emit a dull red glow. When this object is heated even more, it will emit…

shorter-wavelength, higher-frequency radiation

The difference in the light emitted from a candle, an incandescent lightbulb, and the Sun is basically due to differences in…

temperatures

You are able to see in shaded areas, such as under a tree, because light has undergone…

diffuse reflection

An image that is not produced by light rays coming from the image but is the result of your brain’s interpretations of light rays is called a…

virtual image

Any part of the electromagnetic spectrum, including the colors of visible light, can be measured in units of…

-wavelength

-frequency

-energy

A prism separates the colors of sunlight into a spectrum because…

each wavelength of light has its own index of refraction

Which of the following can only be explained by a wave model of light?

Interference

The polarization behavior of light is best explained by considering light to be…

transverse waves

Max Planck made the revolutionary discovery that the energy of vibrating molecules involved in blackbody radiation existed only in…

multiples of certain fixed amounts

Today, light is considered to be…

a small-scale phenomenon without a sharp distinction between particle and wave properties

As the temperature of an incandescent object is increased…

more radiation is emitted with a shift to higher frequencies

Is it possible to see light without the light interacting with matter?

No

The electromagnetic wave model defines an electromagnetic wave as having…

• a velocity

• a magnetic field

• an electric field

Of the following, the electromagnetic wave with the shortest wavelength is…

X-rays

Of the following, the electromagnetic wave with the lowest energy is…

radio wave

Green grass reflects…

green light

Green grass absorbs…

all light but green light

We see a blue sky because…

scattering of light by air molecules and dust is more efficient when its wavelength is shorter

A pencil is placed in a glass of water. The pencil appears to be bent. This is an example of…

refraction

A one-way mirror works because it…

reflects and transmits light at the same time

A mirage is the results of light being…

refracted

A glass prism separates sunlight into a spectrum of colors because…

shorter wavelengths are refracted the most

Polaroid sunglasses work best in eliminating glare because…

reflected light is polarized in a horizontal direction only

The condition of farsightedness, or hyperopia, can be corrected with a…

convex lens

Today, light is considered to be a stream of photons with a frequency related to its energy. This relationship finds that..

higher-frequency light has more energy

An instrument that produces a coherent beam of single-frequency, in-phase light is a…

laser

The special theory of relativity is…

an analysis of how space and time are changed by motion

The general theory of relativity explains…

gravity as a change of space and time

Comparing measurements made on the ground to measurements made in a very fast airplane would find that…

• the length of an object is shorter

• clocks run more slowly

• objects have an increased mass

Near-sightedness, or myopia, can be corrected with which type lens?

concave

The slower light moves through a given substance, the greater the substance’s index of refraction

True

The range of energies emitted by the Sun is most intense near the yellow-green wavelengths…

True

A mirage is caused by hot air near the ground…

refracting light rays upward

The index of refraction for flint glass is 1.5. This means that…

the speed of light is slower in this substance than it is in vacuum

A rainbow in the sky after a rainstorm always appears…

in the part of the sky opposite from the Sun

Longer wavelengths are affected more by a prism or water droplets than are the shorter wavelengths

False

What are the units of h in the equation E=hf

JxS

When an electric stove element is hot enough, it gives off a dull red glow. When it cools to the point that it no longer glows, it will…

emit only longer wavelength energy

During the day, a clear sky appears blue due to the light reflected from the oceans

False

interference is a property of light most easily explained by the particle model

False

The photoelectric effect could not be adequately explained with a wave model of light because the…

energy of the ejected electrons did not depend upon the intensity

Glare from water’s surface is light that tends to be polarized predominantly in the horizontal plane

True

Ultraviolet light waves carry more energy than infrared light waves

True

Polarized light vibrates…

only in one plane

Max Planck discovered that the blackbody radiation emitted by vibrating molecules…

appeared to come in multiples of certain fixed amounts

Phenomena such as diffraction and interference can be most easily explained in terms of the…

wave model of light

Polarizing sunglasses are useful because they are able to…

absorb reflected light, which is polarized

In the evening sky, the Sun appears reddish as it sets because….

more of the shorter, bluer wavelengths are scattered away by the dust and haze