BIOL 111 powerpoint 11

This one is a bit harder - maybe

▪ Exchange of gases

▪ Regulation of pH

▪ Sense of smell

▪ Air filtration

▪ Sound production

▪ Exhalation of heat and water

what are the functions of the respiratory system?

upper

is the upper or lower respiratory system conducting

lower

is the upper or lower respiratory system for gas exhange

conducting zone

what zone conducts air to lungs

respiratory

what zone the the main site of gas exchange

conducting zone

what zone includes these areas?

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,

bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

respiratory zone

what zone includes these areas?

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar

sacs, and alveoli

1. filter/warm/moisten air

2. detect olfactory stimuli (smell)

3. modify speech vibrations

what are the three functions of the nose

mucus lymph tissue

(for me) what is MALT?

• passageway for air and food

• resonating chamber (sounds)

• houses tonsils

what are the functions of pharynx?

• nasopharynx

• oropharynx

• laryngopharynx

what are the three anatomical regions of the pharynx?

nasopharynx

what is the top yellow box called?

oropharynx

what is the middle yellow box called

laryngopharynx

what is the bottom yellow box

larynx

where are vocal folds that produce sound when the vibrate located?

cartilage

• thyroid

• cricoid

• arytenoid

what is the larynx composed of?

epiglottis

what closes off glottis during swallowing

to hold breath against pressure in thoracic cacity

what is the function of ventricular folds

• muscles are attached to hard cartilages of the larynx and vocal folds

• folds can move apart or together, elongate or shorten, tighten or loose

• vibrate and produce sound with air

what are the functions of vocal folds

ventricular fold - superior vocal folds - inferior

which is superior and which is inferior: ventricular folds, vocal folds

trachea

where does the respiratory system divide to left and right pulmonary bronchi

carina

what in the bronchi triggers a cough reflex

Right and left main bronchi divide → lobar bronchi → segmental bronchi → Larger bronchioles → smaller bronchioles → terminal bronchiole

list order bronchi divides

1. respiratory bronchioles

2. alveolar ducts

3. alveoli

list the order bronchi divides after reaching the lungs

lobar bronchus

what supplies each lobe in the lungs?

segmental bronchi

what supplies each bronchopulmonary segment in the lungs?

Terminal bronchioles → respiratory

bronchioles → alveolar ducts → alveoli

what is the order of branches in the lungs?

2 or more alveoli sharing a common opening

what is an alveolar sac?

form continuous lining, more numerous than type II, main site of gas exchange

describe type I alveolar cells

free surfaces contain microvilli, secrete alveolar fluid with surfactant

Describe type II alveolar cells

it would collapse in on itself

What would happen if there was too much surface tension within the alveolus

respiration

what is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells called

• ventilation

• external respiration (pulmonary)

• internal respiration (tissue)

what 3 process are required for respiration to occur

by transporting gas

How does the cardiovascular system assist the respiratory system

• inhalation and exhalation

• exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli

What does pulmonary ventilation include

exchange of gasses between alveoli and blood

What does external (pulmonary) respiration include

• exchange of gasses between systemic capillaries and tissue cells

• supplies cellular respiration (makes ATP)

What does internal (tissue) respiration include

• pressure differences

• alveolar surface tension

• compliance of the lungs

• airway resistance

what factors effect pulmonary ventilation

thyroid

The largest cartilage, the _____cartilage, is seen anteriorly and has a prominence called the Adam’s apple

glottis

The ____ is the opening that allows air into the larynx.

epiglottis

the oval-shaped ______ is attached to the internal surface of the thyroid gland. It is composed of elastic cartilage and closes over the glottis during swallowing.

ventricular

the superior folds are the ______ , or false vocal cords

vocal

the ______ folds or true vocal cords are inferior and medial.

arytenoid

The vocal folds attach via small muscles to the _____ cartilage.