World war 1

Causes, events, impacts

Bethmann Hollweg

German chancellor

Erdmann

Calculated risk

Turner

Tragedy of miscalculation

Russian total world output of iron and steel

6%

Russia railway network

Largest by 1910

German railways increase

224% between 1870 and 1910

Dreadnought stats by 1909

Britain 8, Germany 7

General Moltke

War the sooner the better

Entente Cordiale

To respect colonial spheres of influence

Anglo Russian Convention

To end colonial competition in Central Asia

Russo-French alliance

Military alliance

Bosnian Crisis

1908

Albania independent

1912

Serbia territorial gains after Balkan wars

80%

Moroccan crisis

1905

Agadir Crisis

1911

Bradshaw Fay

Collective mistakes

Ferguson

Counter Fay. Diplomacy effective & anti-militarism rising

Fischer Thesis

German foreign policy pursued deliberate war

Fischer Thesis evidence

September Programme 1914

Ritter

Counters Fischer

Hobsbawm

Capitalism system to blame

Stoessinger

Counters Hobsbawm. Role of leader

Russian men mobilized

6 million, 1/3 without rifles

German mistake in Belgium

Delayed invasion led to Battle of Marne

Russian mistake in Austria/Germany

Invading simultaneously led to Battle at Tannenberg

Battle of Ypres

1915 use poison gas ineffective

Gallipoli campaign

1915 Russian failure

Schlieffen Plan led to…

Battle of Marne 1914

Battle of Marne led to…

British blockade, trench warfare, two-front war

Battle of Ypres 1916

Poison gas

Battle of Somme 1916

Allied 13km, Germany 7km despite massive casualties

Battle of Verdun 1916

German victory however minimal territorial gains

Brusilov Offensive 1916

Gains 96km however cannot hold it

Sinking Lithuania led to…

Hollweg reduction submarine campaign

Battle of Jutland 1916 ships

Germany 11, Britain 14

Unrestricted submarine warfare 1917 led to…

Lloyd George convoy system

German submarine warfare led to…

USA entry

USA entry led to…

Failed Ludendorff Offensive 1918

Failed Ludendorff Offensive led to…

Armistice November 11

Treaty Brest Litovsk

Russian withdrawal

Ludendorff Offensive land gained

65km

Llyod George policies

war cabinet, convoy system, ministry national service for mobilisation organisation