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Causes, events, impacts
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Bethmann Hollweg
German chancellor
Erdmann
Calculated risk
Turner
Tragedy of miscalculation
Russian total world output of iron and steel
6%
Russia railway network
Largest by 1910
German railways increase
224% between 1870 and 1910
Dreadnought stats by 1909
Britain 8, Germany 7
General Moltke
War the sooner the better
Entente Cordiale
To respect colonial spheres of influence
Anglo Russian Convention
To end colonial competition in Central Asia
Russo-French alliance
Military alliance
Bosnian Crisis
1908
Albania independent
1912
Serbia territorial gains after Balkan wars
80%
Moroccan crisis
1905
Agadir Crisis
1911
Bradshaw Fay
Collective mistakes
Ferguson
Counter Fay. Diplomacy effective & anti-militarism rising
Fischer Thesis
German foreign policy pursued deliberate war
Fischer Thesis evidence
September Programme 1914
Ritter
Counters Fischer
Hobsbawm
Capitalism system to blame
Stoessinger
Counters Hobsbawm. Role of leader
Russian men mobilized
6 million, 1/3 without rifles
German mistake in Belgium
Delayed invasion led to Battle of Marne
Russian mistake in Austria/Germany
Invading simultaneously led to Battle at Tannenberg
Battle of Ypres
1915 use poison gas ineffective
Gallipoli campaign
1915 Russian failure
Schlieffen Plan led to…
Battle of Marne 1914
Battle of Marne led to…
British blockade, trench warfare, two-front war
Battle of Ypres 1916
Poison gas
Battle of Somme 1916
Allied 13km, Germany 7km despite massive casualties
Battle of Verdun 1916
German victory however minimal territorial gains
Brusilov Offensive 1916
Gains 96km however cannot hold it
Sinking Lithuania led to…
Hollweg reduction submarine campaign
Battle of Jutland 1916 ships
Germany 11, Britain 14
Unrestricted submarine warfare 1917 led to…
Lloyd George convoy system
German submarine warfare led to…
USA entry
USA entry led to…
Failed Ludendorff Offensive 1918
Failed Ludendorff Offensive led to…
Armistice November 11
Treaty Brest Litovsk
Russian withdrawal
Ludendorff Offensive land gained
65km