AP Gov Unit 4 Class Notes Flashcards

Political Ideology

A consistent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government.

Conservative

Favors traditional American values, respect for authority, law and order, and national defense.

Liberal

Progressive; favors an active government role in regulating the economy and promoting equality.

Libertarian

Favors very limited government, promoting individual freedom that should only be limited when it impedes on another person's rights.

Populist

Strives to appeal to ordinary people whose concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.

Social Issues

Topics that involve personal, cultural, or societal concerns affecting individuals and communities.

Economic Issues

Challenges and debates surrounding the economy, including taxation, unemployment, and government spending.

Individualism

The belief that individuals are responsible for their own well-being.

Equality of Opportunity

The idea that all people should have the same chances to achieve success; not about equal outcomes.

Free Enterprise

A market-based economy where individuals can buy, sell, and produce with some degree of regulation.

Political Socialization

The process by which people acquire their political beliefs and ideology.

Generational Effects

Different voting patterns and political beliefs based on the generation a person belongs to.

Public Opinion Polls

Surveys of a sample of citizens used to estimate the beliefs and feelings of the entire population.

Benchmark Polls

The first poll taken by a campaign, often used before a candidate announces candidacy.

Tracking Polls

Continuous polls that chart a candidate’s support over time.

Entrance and Exit Polls

Polls conducted before voters enter or after they leave polling places to predict election outcomes.

Sampling Error

A polling error that occurs due to using a sample of the population.

Margin of Error

The degree to which the results of a poll could vary due to chance variation.

Keynesian Economics

The economic theory that government can stimulate the economy by increasing spending during recessions.

Supply-Side Economics

The economic theory that cuts in taxes can stimulate businesses and promote economic growth.

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act

Legislation that replaced Aid To Families With Dependent Children with Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, instituting work requirements.

DREAM Act

A proposed legislation aimed at allowing certain undocumented immigrants who came to the U.S. as children to obtain legal status.