English Civil War

1642-1647

Successor of Elizabeth

(says before I die she wants James to take over), in 1603 dies and never married, so no heirs to continue Tudor dynasty

Start of (James I)

Mary Stuart's son (James I) became King of England- started Stuart Dynasty in England

Reasons for civil war View of parliament

Elizabeth realize importance of work w/ parliament, James I did not believe he should be absolute monarch b/c divine right

Reasons for civil war Divine right of king

God chooses royal families to rule, James I didn’t listen to Parliament

Issues w/ parliament Authority

James I believe divine right + absolutism; Parliament feel king should be limited by Parliament

Issues w/ parliament Money

James I asks Parliament for $ to finance govt and lifestyle

Issues w/ parliament Religion

Puritans hate him b/c his son is going to be Catholic- fear there is a Catholic on the throne b/c Puritans are Protestants

Charles 1 Successor of

James I die in 1625 Charles I be king

Charles 1 Believed in

Charles is worse than James

Charles 1 Only called parliament when

Charles believe in divine right

Petition of rights Why created

Parliament mad at Charles I and no give him $ unless signed this in 1628

Petition of rights Key parts Jail

King can’t jail people without good reason

Petition of rights Key parts Taxes

King no make taxes without Par approval

Petition of rights Key parts Soldiers & housing

King no keep his soldiers in people’s homes and no use army to maintain order during peacetime

11 years Charles 1

Charles I  was mad at Parliament and refused to call another Par for until needs money to end revolts in Ireland and Scotland

Charles 1 Revolts by

Ireland and Scotland

Charles 1 Civil War Sides

conflict between supporters of king, parliament grew so

Charles 1 Civil war sides

conflict between supporters of king, parliament grew so

Charles 1 Cavaliers

Royalists

Charles 1 Roundheads

Supports of Parliament, 5 yrs, found a strong leader of Oliver Cromwell likes parliament

Charles 1 Revolt Winner

round won 1st public execution

Charles 1 Beheading of

King

Charles 1 Commonwealth

After Civil War this was created, a type of govt w/ no king and Parliament rules

Charles 1 Commonwealth Leader of

Oliver Cromwell

Charles 1 Cromwell Used

didn’t sue democracy, became a military dictator

Charles 1 Cromwell Life in

Commonwealth is harsh b/c Cromwell + Puritans led, forced strict religious rules on people of England

Charles 1 Cromwell Illegal/Call for

-Go to theaters and sporting events, “merrymaking” and “amusement” were illegal

-citizens hated this and want to bring back king

Charles 1 Restoration

people tired of religious rule of Cromwell and Puritans, many want king

Charles 2, Nickname/Why

-1660 (Charles I’s son) become king of England

-“Merry Monarch”

-brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing and got along w/ Parliament

Charles 2 Parliament, Lessons learned, 

-no threat Parliament authority

-Learned lessons from father and grandfather: no rule w/ Divine Right 

Charles 2 habeas corpus

everyone guaranteed trial after arrest, cannot be in jail forever

Charles 2 Religion

Anglican was official religion but treated Puritans and Catholics equally

Charles 2 Constitutional monarchy

(Parliament strengthen Church of England, Anglicans attend universities, priests=Anglican church), constitutional monarchy based on Magna Carta and Petition of rights (guaranteed rights of people and limit king)

Charles 2 Problems Constitutional Monarchy

$ & secret agreement: Charles 2 need more $ than Parliament willing to give; make a secret agreement w/ Louis XIV FR to convert to Catholicism for $

Charles 2 Heir after Secret Agreement

Charles 2 no kids, when died, bro James 2 open-catholic brother be king (Parliaments fear)

Glorious Rev James Ignore and Par Worry

-Parliament’s religious laws, James appoint Catholics to govt and university positions

-throne go to James 2 son who was to be raised Catholic

William Orange From, Married, Encourage

-ruler of Netherlands

-James 2 daughter Mary

-invade and take over

Orange James Flee, Transfer Power

-go to FR when realized little support via England

-Peaceful transfer called Glorious Revolution

Orange and Mary (cont) Oath, Par Pass, Control

-They govern England people

-Bill of Rights

-Makes clear Parliament in control