Primate Behavior Flashcards

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Flashcards based on primate behavior lecture notes.

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50 Terms

1
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According to Kleiber's Law, how does energy requirement relate to body size in primates?

Larger animals are more energy-efficient and require less energy per unit of body mass.

2
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What is the main purpose of social behavior in primate groups?

To mediate cooperation among competitors for survival and reproduction.

3
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Which primate group exhibits strict seasonal breeding patterns, sometimes only breeding once a year?

Lemurs

4
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What does the Resource Defense Hypothesis suggest about female primate grouping?

They are driven to group living to defend food resources collaboratively.

5
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How do larger primate species meet their high food quantity needs?

By consuming more abundant but lower-quality foods like leaves.

6
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Give an example of a behavioral adaptation related to food acquisition found in primates.

Dexterity and tool use

7
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What is the main cost associated with group living among primates?

Increased competition for food

8
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Which metabolic rate principle explains why small primates need more energy per unit of body mass?

MSMR (Mass-Specific Metabolic Rate)

9
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What is a primary characteristic of primate sociality?

All primates are social, but not all are gregarious.

10
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Explain the Jarman-Bell Principle.

Larger animals can afford to eat low-quality, abundant foods.

11
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What is the term for the reproductive strategy in which one male mates with multiple females?

Polygyny

12
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What behavior most commonly establishes and maintains social bonds in primate societies?

Grooming

13
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What is the primary function of sacculated stomachs in primates?

Enhancing digestion of fibrous plant material

14
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What is a typical characteristic of female philopatry in primate societies?

Females remain in their natal groups

15
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Which social structure involves multiple males and multiple females living together?

Multi-male/multi-female group

16
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Which primate is known for its tool use to crack nuts open?

Capuchins

17
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Which principle suggests that larger animals are more energy-efficient than smaller ones?

Kleiber’s Law

18
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What is a key factor influencing dietary variation among primates?

Body size

19
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What term identifies the dietary strategy of consuming both animal prey and fruit?

Omnivory

20
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Give an example of a behavior commonly observed in multi-male/multi-female primate groups?

High levels of competition among males

21
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Describe scramble competition.

Indirect competition where resources are used up before others can access them

22
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What is a primary reason for cooperative hunting in some primates?

Enhanced capture efficiency

23
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What is the most common reproductive strategy in tamarins and marmosets?

Polyandry

24
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In which mating system do males compete intensely for access to a group of females?

One-male group

25
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Which type of competition is most likely to occur when resources are clumped and defensible?

Contest competition

26
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What principle underlies kin selection as a driver of cooperation among primates?

Altruistic behaviors increase when individuals share genes.

27
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Under what conditions is reciprocal altruism most likely to occur in primates?

There is a high frequency of social interactions with memory and trust.

28
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What is a benefit of non-kin cooperation among primates?

Increased reproductive success

29
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What is the primary advantage of multilevel selection in primate social structures?

Balances selection at both individual and group levels.

30
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What role does grooming play in primate social structures?

Reinforces social bonds and alliances

31
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Which of the following is a key concept in understanding primate cooperation?

Reciprocal altruism

32
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Which primate species is well known for forming coalitions during intergroup conflicts?

Chimpanzees

33
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How does multilevel selection benefit cooperative groups?

It allows cooperative groups to outperform selfish ones.

34
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What type of social bond is most likely to promote long-term cooperation?

Kin-based bond

35
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In primates, what typically drives male dispersal from natal groups?

Mate competition

36
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Which primate social system typically involves one female mating with multiple males?

Polyandry

37
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What is the primary adaptive function of infanticide in some male primates?

Increasing male reproductive opportunities

38
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What is a typical feature of fission-fusion societies?

Group members frequently splitting and rejoining

39
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What behavior is commonly used by primates to reduce social tension?

Grooming

40
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What strategy do female primates often use to increase offspring survival?

Cooperative breeding

41
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In which scenario is reciprocal altruism most likely to evolve?

Long-term social relationships with repeated interactions

42
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Which of the following best exemplifies mutualism in primates?

Two individuals grooming each other simultaneously

43
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What is a primary factor in the evolution of social intelligence in primates?

Navigating complex social relationships

44
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Which reproductive strategy results in high levels of male-male competition?

Polygyny

45
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Which factor most significantly influences the frequency of coalition formation among primates?

Kinship

46
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How do primates typically respond to the death of a close group member?

Increased grooming and social cohesion

47
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What is the evolutionary benefit of strong social bonds among female primates?

Enhanced offspring survival

48
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Which primate species is known for forming male alliances to control access to females?

Baboons

49
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What is the primary role of vocal communication in primates?

Strengthening social bonds

50
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What is the primary reason for conflict resolution mechanisms in primate societies?

Maintaining social cohesion