Chemistry - the Atom

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Knapik Unit Test

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51 Terms

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average atomic mass unit
amu
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molar mass unit
g/mol
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Erwin Schrodinger
quantum mechanical model of the atom, electrons don't always exist, it's impossible to know speed + location of electron
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James Chadwick
discovered the nuetron
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quantization
the concept that energy can occur only in discrete units called quanta
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Niels Bohr
determine energy is quantized, electrons exist at discreet energy levels (bohr model is useful but wrong)
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anion
a negatively charged ion with too many electrons
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cation
a positively charged ion with too few ions
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ion
atoms of the same type and have the same mass, BUT there is a difference in the number of protons or electrons
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isotope
atoms of the same type with different numbers of neutrons
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what does n stand for?
the charge (if the protons and electrons aren't the same number you put the net charge here)
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what does the Z stand for?
the atomic number (number of protons)
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what does the A stand for?
the mass number (protons AND neutrons)
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gold foil experiment
alpha particles that were shot at gold foil were deflected when they hit the positive center of gold atoms. The nucleus was discovered as a result of this experiment.
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Ernest Rutherford
using the gold foil experiment, he discovered protons and the nucleus
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plum pudding model
electrons were randomly distributed within a positively charged cloud
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cathode ray experiment
An experiment that showed that electrons had mass and a charge, electrons are ejected from the cathode and accelerated through a voltage
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JJ Thompson
used the cathode ray tube to discover electrons

plum pudding model
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used spherical model
John Dalton
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John Dalton atomic theory
1. everything is composed of an atoms, they can not be created nor destroyed

2. all atoms of 1 element are identical

3. atoms of different elements are different masses and sizes

4. compounds are comprised of whole number combinations of atoms

5. a chemical reaction occurs is a rearrangement of atoms




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Democritus, stated that the atom is based on what two properties?
they are indivisible and atoms of a type are all the same
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Average atomic mass formula
(mass of A times percent A) + (mass of B times percent B) / 100
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speed
distance / time
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density
mass / volume
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rows (horizontal)
periods
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columns (vertical)
groups or families
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s block
first two groups
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p block
right six groups
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d block
teen groups (middle of periodic table)
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f block
bottom fourteen groups
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group 1
alkali metals
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group 2
alkaline earth metals
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groups 3 - 12
transition metals
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group 13
boron family
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group 14
carbon family
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group 15
pnictogen / nitrogen family
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group 16
chalcogen / oxygen family
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group 17
halogen family
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group 18
noble gases
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the s orbital shape
sphere
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the p orbital shape
dumbbell
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the d orbital shape
clover
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isoelectronic
the same electron
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why is chromium an electron configuration exception?
the electron can be spread out more evenly (memorize the configuration)
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why is copper an electron configuration exception?
the 1st set of electron must be paired up so 3d has more room than 4s (memorize the configuration)
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Aufbau Principle
electrons must fill the lowest energy level first
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Hund's Rule
electrons will spread out across all available energy levels before pairing up
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
that no two electrons can be the same (have the same quantum numbers)
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what does the n quantum number stand for
the principal quantum number (it is equivalent to the energy level of the electron)
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the electromagnetic spectrum from high energy to low energy
gamma ray - xray - ultraviolet - visible - infrared - microwave - radio
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photon
a particle that represent a quantum of light