Module 21 Industrialization

Great Britain

Country where the Industrial Revolution began

Great Britain

Reasons why is that it had 1. Natural resources, 2. Capital (money) and 3. An abundance of Labor

Great Britain

Country where the Industrial Revolution began

Great Britain

Reasons why is that it had 1. Natural resources, 2. Capital (money) and 3. An abundance of Labor

Industrialization

Positive effects were better quality of goods, increased the standard of living and gave more educational opportunities

Industrialization

Negative effects – poor working conditions – child labor abuses

Industrialization

Created jobs in railroad construction, coal mining, and factory production

Charles Dickens

Great writer of this time period – showed realities of life for the poor during the Industrial Age

Charles Dickens

Very popular with his novels focusing on the lower and middle classes in Britain

Cotton Cloth

Mass production of cotton cloth was the first industry to come about

Cotton Cloth

Led to important inventions by Watt, Hargreaves and Cartwright

Eli Whitney

His invention the cotton gin could produce cotton 50x faster than one person

Samuel Slater

Stole Industrialization ideas from Great Britain and brought them to the US

Robert Fulton

Built the first paddle-wheel steamboat

Jethro Tull

Created the seed drill. Got seed in the ground quickly and in the correct depth for germination

James Hargreaves

Created the spinning jenny which spun thread from raw cotton

Karl Marx

Helped write the Communist Manifesto. Take from the rich and give it to the poor

Adam Smith

Wrote “The Wealth of Nations”. Economic Liberty = Economic Progress

John Kay

Introduced the Flying Shuttle which enabled factories to produce cloth faster

Richard Arkwright

Used water power to spin thread faster and more efficiently

Factories

Created a new labor system in which workers had to work regular hours and do the same work over and
over

Factories

Pitiful conditions inside factories led to a new movement called “socialism”, in which society owns and controls the means of production

Factories

Led to the Factory Act of 1847, also known as the Ten Hours Act which restricted the working hours of women and young people; passed by Great Britain

Collective Bargaining

Negotiations between workers and employer with a third party helping

Collective Bargaining- Union

helped in the organizing of workers to get what they wanted

Collective Bargaining- Strikes

actions taken by workers who refused to work until their demands were met

Laissez-Faire

French term meaning let it be. Philosophy of governments to let the business do their thing without any
interference

Life Before AR and IR

Only 25% lived in towns and cities. Most lived on farms

Life Before AR and IR

Only 50% of babies made it to the age of 21 so high mortality rate

Civil War

US 1861-65

Civil War

Confederate States were formed once Abraham Lincoln became president

Charles Darwin

Believed in Natural Selection – it was central to organic evolution

Upton Sinclair

Wrote the book “The Jungle” – went undercover to write about the abuses of the meat packing plants

Upton Sinclair

Book brought about legislation and new agencies – Food and Drug Administration

Louis Pasteur

Proposed the germ theory of disease

Louis Pasteur

Led to pasteurization where heat was added to kill germs

Romantic Authors

Favorite new read; Walter Scott, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allen Poe, William Wordsworth

Steam Engine

Invented by James Watt

Steam Engine

Was crucial to Britian’s Industrial Revolution

Trains

Biggest impact on the growth of the United States

Principle of Intervention

Policy that gave powerful countries to send armies into other countries where their revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs back into power. Never again would a King Louis and Marie Antoinette situation take place

Crimean War

Its effect would destroy the Concert of Europe and leave Austria without friends among the great powers