Review of Matter, Properties of Water, Acids/Bases, Conservation of Mass, and Newton's Laws

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Pure Substance

Made of only one type of particle like a elememt

Mixture

Made of two or more substances physically combined, not chemically bonded.

Element

Made of one type of atom.

Compound

Made of two or more elements chemically bonded

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture where you can see different parts

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that looks the same throughout

Solution

A homogeneous mixture when one substance dissolves evenly in another.

Cohesion

The property of water molecules sticking to each other.

Adhesion

The property of water sticking to other surfaces.

Surface Tension

A 'skin' on water caused by strong cohesion at the surface.

Acid

A substance that releases H ions in water, characterized by a sour taste

Base

A substance that releases OH ions in water, characterized by a bitter taste

pH Scale

A scale that measures how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 to 14.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form.

Reactants

The starting materials in a chemical reaction.

Products

The new substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Proton

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus, with a mass of 1 amu.

Neutron

A neutral particle found in the nucleus, with a mass of 1 amu.

Electron

A negatively charged particle with almost no mass, located in the electron cloud.

Newton's First Law of Motion

An object stays at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Force equals mass times acceleration

Newton's Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.