History of Design Exam 7 - English Renaissance

Early English Renaissance Periods

Tudor

Elizabethan

Jacobean

Cromwellian

Middle English Renaissance Periods

Restoration

William and Mary

Queen Anne

Early Georgian

Late English Renaissance Periods

Middle Georgian

Late Georgian

Regency

Victorian

Tudor Period Characteristics

Early Renaissance

age of oak

Gothic forms dominate

People spent more money on homes than the church

Tudor Interior Characteristics

rooms often long and narrow

long galleries run the length of the plan

small rooms were for private things

natural finished wood

Tudor Exterior Characteristics

timber framed construction - wattle and daub

Brick noggin - different size bricks

A, E, or H shaped plans

Tudor Furniture

Chest with chip carving

heavily constructed and massive

used for service, not comfort

panel tudor chair

panels put together to form chair

Elizabethan Period Characteristics

Early Renaissance

More Italian Renaissance influence

combination of classical elements

Elizabethan Architectural Characteristics

E or H shaped plans

grand scale

very symmetrical

stringcourses

Elizabethan Interior Characteristics

increase in room specialization

arrangement of rooms based on adjacency to great chamber

facades - symmetrical, interiors - asymmetrical

hall became used as an entry

Great High Chamber

Long Gallery

Great High Chamber

ceremonial center of household

tapestries along wall

woven rush matting on floor, carpet on wall

dais at one end

fireplace is focal point

Long Gallery

end to end of the house

space for exercise and portrait gallery

covered passage or corridor

public space

furniture against wall

What is a prodigy house?

A house made for the Queen's visits -

she made 4 annual tours

Found in Elizabethan Period

Watton building guide Elements of Architecture

1. elimination of excessive ornamentation - cleaner lines

2. orientation of rooms set up according to the points of a compass

3. adjacency of rooms dependent on relationship of rooms

4. create way to get to rooms w/o going through others - hallway

Elizabethan furniture

bulbous support

gadrooning

volutes

acanthus leaf

different colored woods creating patterns

Elizabethan court cupboard

bulbus supports

lions face

Elizabethan draw table

very long table

bulbus support

open stretcher around

gadrooning

massive and rectilinear

Jacobean/Elizabethan Mixed characteristics

rectangular shapes surrounded by four L shapes

hammer beam and truss ceiling

split spindle decorations on furniture

Farthingale chair

Elizabethan/Jacobean chair

Wainscott Chair

Wainscott panels used to form chair

Elizabethan

Elizabethan Bed

bulbous supports

volutes

tester

elaborate patterns in textiles

dwarf arches

wood planking

Great Bed of Ware

most precious article in Tudor House

Green textiles hanging from tester

dwarf arches

renaissance carvings

Dante'/Curule chair

Elizabethan / Jacobean camp chair

Jacobean Period Characteristics

Early Renaissance

James I and Charles I

Inigo Jones

Jacobean Interior Characteristics

decorative plaster used for ceilings

pargework or strapwork

fireplace overmantle becomes richly carved

arcading seen on panels

When did the stair hall become a special feature?

Jacobean period

Inigo Jones

Palladian influenced Architect

Banqueting House, Whitehall & Queens House in Grenwich

Banqueting House at Whitehall

designed by Inigo Jones

pilasters and engaged columns

ground story has most rustication

alternating triangular and segmental pediments over windows

swags and masks on frieze

Queens House in Grenwich

designed by Inigo Jones

rustication

portico/loggia

complete symmetry

balustrade across top

ionic order on portico

two blocks connected by an enclosed bridge

Restoration Period Characteristics

Middle Renaissance

Sir Christopher Wren - Architect

Restoration Architectural Characteristics

houses usually rectangular, two stories, two rooms deep w central hall

Restoration Interior Characteristics

stair halls become important circulation space

black and white marble flooring

silk damask fabric in field

Palladian style windows

human figures

elaborate ceilings

wall niche

Restoration Furniture Characteristics

heavy gilded furniture

big rectangular backs

influenced by France

greater consideration for comfort

S and C curved leg (Flemish Scroll)

flat stretchers

bun feet

use of marquetry and veneers

Restoration chairs

caining

scrolls on front

very extravagant

large rectangular back

H or X stretcher

tapered legs

tapestry pattern

curved arms

leather, fringe, velvet

winged back chair

Restoration period

sleeping chair

carved front piece

fringe

sides

velvet

settees

couch

two chair backs put together to form winged back settee

6 turned legs

flat stretcher

carved facade

rich elaborate textiles

gate leg tables

gate swings/moves

circular table

cabinet on stand

cabinet on top of stand

spiral turned legs

flat stretcher

bun foot

veneers and marquetry

Grinling Gibbons

high relief wood carvings, mainly of swags, garlands, and drop ornaments

carved lace cravat w bow

carved limewood monogram

carved trophy of musical instruments

Memento Mori

Mondena Panel, remembrance of mortality

by Grinling Gibbons

skull, dead birds, shells

Sir Christopher Wren

Architect in Restoration Period

reflects French Baroque style

designed 51 churches

St. Paul's Cathedral exterior

Sir Christopher Wren

Latin cross

one of largest domes

twin towers on either side

pediment w carvings

huge entablature

pediments over windows

twin ionic columns

portico

St. Paul's Cathedral interior

Sir Christopher Wren

coffers on underside of arches

architectural details contrast w wall colors

pattern marble flooring

Corinthian pilasters and columns

everything gilded

William and Mary Period Characteristics

Middle Renaissance

age of walnut

William & Mary furniture characteristics

age of walnut

crossbanding

drop pulls

straight legs and tables

bell/inverted cup turning on legs

trumpet leg underneath bell

Chest on stand

chest on small set of legs

laquer

marquetry

drop pulls

crossbanding

bun feet

spiral leg

flat stretcher

highboy

chest of 4-5 drawers supported by table

inverted bell

trumpet leg

drop pulls

flat stretcher

front stretcher reflects front apron

book-matched veneer

low boy

high boy without top

short end table with drawers

what is crossbanding?

a narrow band of wood veneer that frames the area

Printed chintz

polished cotton

drapery treatments

hung over canopy or bed draperies

introduced during William and Mary from East India Trading Company

Hampton Court Palace

delicate lines and proportions

less carvings

stringcourses

rustication

pediments

portico

columns

entablature

moldings

quoins

medallion windows

William and Mary Chairs

side chairs w cane backs and walnut frames

side chairs w cabriole leg and goats foot

Queen Anne Period Characteristics

Middle Renaissance

Romance, elegance, lightness

restrained, sophisticated

soft flowing lines

Queen Anne interior characteristics

luxurious interiors

got rid of excess decor

shelving in wall niches

floor-ceiling panels - often painted

chinaware covered shelves

Queen Anne Furniture

curved lines becomes dominating in design

first use of mahogany

intro to Chinese forms in structure of furniture

greater use of Laquer

Queen Anne chair

elongated forms

backs usually have curved top

splat is introduced in center

legs designed as cabriole

shell motif on knee

pad or club foot - looks like disc

stretchers

Queen Anne Settee

winged back settee

cabriole leg

shell motif on knee

club or pad foot

introduction to tufting (buttons in back)

walnut side chairs

upholstery on cushion

queen anne chair

different chair legs/feet

corner chair

Queen Anne

2-3 splats to form back

Queen Anne tea table

round table

no edge

Queen Anne pie crust table

has raised edge

Queen Anne corner cabinet

mahogany

cabinet on bottom

cupboard w glass and chinaware on top

two post pull

type of handle

venetian style mirrors

mirrors made of two pieces

Early Georgian Period Characteristics

Middle Renaissance

Early Georgian Furniture Characteristics

furniture gets heavier

lionsmask placed on knee of cabriole leg

lions paw foot

Early Georgian Bookcase

broken pediment

gilding

Early Georgian walnut bureau

drawers w cabinet or mirror overtop

veneered wood

bun feet

finials

Early Georgian low bureau

small dresser

Early Georgian bachelors chest

dresser w pull desk

Early Georgian bombe commode

serpentine top

marquetry

trelles design

crossbanding around panel on outside

gilt brass mounts

sabot feet

heavier piece

William Kent

Architect and furniture designer

inspired by Palladio

fav motifs - shells, masks, swags, lions

Chaswick house

Early Georgian

Palladian style architecture

dome

portico

rustication

entablature

pediment

total symmetry

pediments over windows

windsor chair

slatback or comb (no horizontal bar)

used by common people

Middle Georgian Period Characteristics

late Renaissance

reaction towards lighter proportions

Chippendale period

Age of Mahogony

Middle Georgian Furniture characteristics

Thomas Chippendale

Age of mahogany

marlborough leg

ball and claw foot

cabriole leg - has no stretcher

Chippendale Chinese influence

Chinese lattice work

fretwork

marlborough leg

Chippendale Dressing table

vanity

Chinese influence

fretwork

Chippendale China cabinet

pagoda

Fretwork

Chinese influence

Chippendale bed

bed frame

pagoda

upswinging curve

fretwork in headboard

mirrors w pagoda top

Chinese in chair

Laquer work on cabinets

Chippendale girandole

asymmetrical mirrors

gilded candle sconces

heavily ornamented

Chippendale settee chinese

pagoda back settee

tops curve like section of pagoda

Chippendale ribband back settees

exagerated yolk back

ball and claw foot

cabriole leg

ribbon back

Chippendale camel back sofa

upholstered sofa

hump in middle

scrolled arms

marlborough leg or cabriole w ball and claw foot

Thomas Chippendale

Gentleman's Cabinet Maker's Director

cabinetmaker

classical, rococo, gothic, and Chinese influence

worked almost exclusively in mahogany

pierced back splats

yolk form overtop

Late Georgian Period Characteristics

late Renaissance

age of satinwood

Sherton and Hepplewhite

Hepplewhite

Heart, shield, oval, camel, or wheel back

satinwood or majogany

furniture weak in construction but it looked very elegant

straight legs - round or square, tapered towards foot

spade, thimble, or sabot foot

carved ornament on back

Hepplewhite sofa

camel back sofa

delicate lines

square tapered legs

castors on feet

smaller arms

hepplewhite sideboard

straight lines

tapered legs

delicate oval brass pulls

pattered veneered wood

mahogany

very simple

satinwood cutlery boxes

boxes with vertical top lift to store silverware

Thomas Sheraton

borrowed designs from everyone

serpentine front side boards

eventually replaced w segmented curves

Sheraton furniture

chairs split into 3 vertical sections

rear legs continues up and made back of chair

ornamental rail running across top

space between two rails has ornamental splat

center often has elongated vase

designs are most imitated today

Sheraton Settees

swags

straight

spade foot

tapered leg

thimble foot

3 vertical sections

sheraton armchairs

chairs enclosed as shell

no space between arm rest and seat

Sheraton secretaire

mahogony

bookcase w desk

crowned w broken pediment

glass doors w fretwork

Sheraton dressing table

neoclassical legs

taperead legs

mahogany

veneer

dresser w oval mirror

satinwood pembroke table

dropleaf table

castors

Adam/Neoclassic

James and Robert Adam brothers

architects

investigating of all classical antiquity

cameo figures on ceilings

swags

pale tints

classical figures