Head and Neck Muscles

1. Buccinator

Compresses cheek; holds food in teeth; suction 

2. Depressor labii inferioris

Draws lower lip inferiorly

3. Frontalis

Raises eyebrows

4. Levator labii superioris

Opens lips; raise and furrows lip

5. Levator scapulae**

Elevates scapula

Origin - Transverse process of C1-4

Insertion - Medial border of scapula

6. Masseter

Closes jaw (elevates mandible)

7. Mentalis

Wrinkles chin; protrudes lower lip

8. Occipitalis

Pulls scalp posteriorly

9. Orbicularis oculi

Closes eyes for blinking, squinting

10. Orbicularis oris

Closes lips; purses lips in kiss or whistle

11. Scalenes**

Elevate ribs 1-2 for inspiration

Origin - Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Insertion - Anterolaterally on ribs 1-2

12. Splenius

Extend or hyperextend head; unilateral: rotate head to same side

13. Sternocleidomastoid

Bilateral: flexes neck; Unilateral: bends head towards shoulder and rotates neck

14. Temporalis

Closes jaw (elevates mandible)

15. Zygomaticus major

Raises corners of mouth for smile

16. Zygomaticus minor

Raises corners of mouth for smile