Chemistry Review: Intermolecular Forces and Acid-Base Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to intermolecular forces, acid-base theories, and solubility, helping to reinforce understanding for exam preparation.

Intermolecular H-bond

What type of hydrogen bond occurs in para-isomers?

Intramolecular H-bond

What type of hydrogen bond occurs in ortho-isomers?

Dipole-Dipole

Why do polar compounds have a high boiling point?

Ionic Bond

What is a complete transfer of electrons called?

Covalent Bond

What type of bond occurs in nonmetals?

Dispersion Forces

What type of intermolecular force is present in all molecules?

Resonance

What effect describes the spreading of electrons over many atoms/bonds?

Inductive Effect

What describes charge transmission due to electronegativity?

+I Effect

What group donates electrons to a molecule?

-I Effect

What group withdraws electrons from a molecule?

Steric Effect

Bulkiness effect?

Melting Point

What indicates the criterion for purity when changing from solid to liquid?

Increases

What happens to the boiling point with lengthening carbon chains?

Decreases

What happens to boiling point with branching of carbon atoms?

Increases

What effect does stronger intermolecular forces have on boiling point?

Decreases

What happens to melting point when intermolecular forces are weaker?

Increases

What is affected by lengthening C atoms regarding Van der Waals forces?

Increases

What effect does intermolecular hydrogen bonding have on boiling point?

Decreases

What happens to melting point due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding?

Increases

What happens to intermolecular forces with more electronegative elements?

Increases

How does intermolecular hydrogen bonding affect viscosity?

Decreases

What happens to solubility due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding?

Increases

What is the impact of non-volatile impurities decrease vapor pressure in boiling point?

Decreases

What is the effect of volatile impurities increases vapor pressure in boiling point?

S2

ether insoluble

SA

ether soluble (litmus red)

SB

ether soluble (litmus blue)

S1

ether soluble (unchanged)

A1

NaHCO3 soluble

A2

NaHCO3 insoluble

B

HCL soluble

MN

HCL insoluble

N

H2SO4 soluble

I

H2SO4 insoluble

n-propyl alcohol

soluble in water due to dipole-dipole and HB, soluble in ether due due to VDW (S1)

Naphthalene

insoluble in H2SO4 because of its pi electron delocalization (I)

Urea

 soluble in water due to DD and HB but insoluble in ether because of high polarity (S2)

Aniline

soluble in HCL through acid base reaction (B)

Benzoic Acid

soluble in sodium hydroxide NaHCO3 through acid base reaction (A1)

Neutral

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Acetone

basic

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Lysine

Neutral

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Glycine

Acidic

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Vinegar

Acidic

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Calamansi Juice

Basic

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Aniline

Acidic

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Acetic Acid

neutral

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Acetamide

Neutral

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Isopropyl Alcohol

Acidic

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Phenol

Acidic

Acidic, Neutral or Basic?

Monochloroacetic Acid

Arrhenius Acid

H-containing substance produces H+ in water

Arrhenius base

OH-containing substance (ex. Ba(OH)2)

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

positive ions, proton donator (ex. HCOOH)

Bronsted-Lowry base

negative ions, proton acceptor

Lewis acid

electron-pair acceptor (ex. H+)

Lewis Base

electron-pair donor (ex. OH-)

Conjugate base

ion of molecule remaining after acid has lost a proton

Conjugate acid

species created when the base accepts the proton

Water

Which is more basic?

Water vs. Acetamide

Lysine

Which is more basic?

Glycine vs. Lysine →

Alkyl Amine

Which is more basic?

Alkyl Amine vs. Aromatic Amine

Alkyl Amine

Which is more basic?

Ammonia vs. Alkyl Amine

Alkyl Amine

Which is more basic?

Acetamide vs. Alkyl Amine → Alkyl Amine

Phenol

Which is more acidic?

Phenol vs. Isopropyl alcohol

Monochloroacetic acid

Which is more acidic?

Monochloroacetic acid vs. acetic acid

Water

Which is more acidic?

Water vs. isopropyl alcohol

Ethanoic Acid

Which is more acidic?

Ethanoic acid vs. propanoic acid

trichloroacetic acid

which is more acidic?

Ethanoic acid vs. propanoic acid

H Bonding

Strongest IMF

Acetic Acid is soluble in water

Van Der Waals

Strongest IMF

Naphthalene is soluble in ether

H bonding

Stronger IMF

n-propyl alcohol is soluble in water

Van Der Waals

Stronger IMF

n-propyl alcohol is soluble in ether

Acid-Base reaction

Strongest IMF

Aniline is soluble in HCl

Acid-base reaction

Strongest IMF

Benzoic acid is soluble in NaOH

Van Der Waals

Stronger IMF

Naphthalene is insoluble in all of the solvents used

H Bonding

Strongest IMF

Urea is soluble in water

H Bonding

Strongest IMF

Ethylamine is soluble in water

Van Der Waals

Strongest IMF

I2 is soluble in hexane