Chapter 3 Tissues Anatomy

Tissues

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

epithelial(covering)

connective(support)

muscle(movement)

nervous(control)

4 primary tissue types

Epithelium

epithelial tissue is also known as...

- forms various glandular tissue

- covers all free body surfaces

- lines body cavities

epithelial tissue is found in 3 parts of the body...

- protection: skin protects against bacterial and chemical damage

- absorption: tissue in digestive tract absorb food nutrients

- secretion: tissue in the kidneys

- lubrication: glands secrete oil, sweat, mucus

4 main functions of epithelial tissue

packed tightly together

epithelial tissues are ______________________to form a continuous sheet

apical surface

in the epithelial tissue, the membrane always have one free surface or edge_____________ exposed to the body's exterior or to the cavity of an internal organ

basement membrane

in the epithelial tissue, the lower surface of the tissue rests on the _________

Avascular

no blood supply

No blood supply (avascular)

epithelial tissues have __________and depend on diffusion from underlying connective tissue

regenerate and heal

if well nourished, epithelial cells will__________

simple and stratified

epithelial tissue cell layers

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

epithelial tissue shape of cells

simple

one layer of cells

stratified

more than one layer of cells

Squamous

flat cells

Cubodial

cube shaped cells

Columnar

column shaped cells

diffusion and absorption

simple squamous function

carbon dioxide and oxygen

simple squamous, used to form membranes where exchange of substances occur

air sacs in lungs

where simple squamous is found

serous membrane

membranes that line the ventral body cavities and cover the organs

serous membrane

simple squamous performs______

secretion

simple cuboidal function...

glands and ducts

simple cuboidal is found most common in____

digestive tract

Where is simple columnar found?

Absorption

simple columnar function...

goblet cells

simple columnar contains_______

goblet cells

produce a lubricating mucus

mucus membrane

opens to the bodies exterior

help absorb

what does microvilli(fingers) help in the simple columnar

fingers

microvilli=

fake

pseudo=

cold weather

when does cilia not work

absorption and secretion

function of pseudostratified columnar

pseudostratified columnar

gives false(pseudo) that it is stratified

respiratory tract( mostly nose)

pseudostratified columnar mainly found

Keratinization

outer skin

Keratinization

hardening or toughness of tissue, it protects

stratified squamous

multiple flat cells

protection

stratified squamous function

skin, mouth, esophagus

Where is stratified squamous found?

transitional epithelium

bladder, stretches

urinary organs, bladder

what does the transitional epithelium line

transitional epithelium

modified stratified squamous epithelium

glandular epithelium

Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances.

gland

consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product(body fluids)

endocrine and exocrine

2 major types of glands

Endocrine

secrete directly into blood vessels

- hormones

exocrine

secrete through ducts to the surface

- sweat glands, sebaceous(oil) glands

connective tissue

most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body, found everywhere

bind structures

store fat

fill spaces

connective tissues functions

varying degrees of vascularity(good blood supply)

most tissues are well vascularized(good blood supply)

some have a poor blood supply(tendons, ligaments)

therefore, some structures heal very slowly

extracellular matrix

nonliving substances found outside of cells

consist of ground substance( water and fibers)

connective tissues common characteristics

protect against infection

help repair tissue damage

provide support and protection

connective tissues, consist of ground substance( water and fibers)

fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells

3 major type of cells of connective tissues

Fibroblasts

most common type of cell in connective tissue

Fibroblasts

produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix

collagenous, elastic, reticular

3 types of fibers in connective tissue

Macrophages

carries out PHAGOCYTOSIS

Found within the lymph nodes

can move around and function as scavengers to clear foreign particles

Phagocytosis

process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell

mast cells

known for their role in allergies and blood clots

mast cells

secrete heparin and histamine

Heparin

prevents blood clotting

Histamine

promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies

collagenous

bones, ligaments, tendons

collagenous fibers

stretch a little

elastic fibers

stretchy

reticular fibers

framework

elastic fibers

common in vocal cords

reticular fibers

structure and support

bone(osseous)

cartilage

dense connective tissue(ligaments)

loose connective tissues(areolar)

blood

5 types of connective tissue types(most rigid to softest)

bone

exceptional ability to repair and heal

bone

Composed of osteocytes(bone cells) Sitting in cavities called lacunae and surrounded by layers of a very hard matrix that contains calcium and collagen fibers

Cartilage

nose, ear, knee joint

Condrocytes

cartilage cells

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

3 types of cartilage

hyaline cartilage

Most common type of cartilage; support structures; attaches ribs to breastbone

glassy

hyaline=

Fibrocartilage

Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers

elastic cartilage

Provides framework for external ears and parts of the larynx

dense connective tissue

forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments

dense connective tissue

blood supply is poor, slowing tissue repair

dense connective tissue

contains collagenous fibers with a fine network of elastic fibers

dense connective tissue

fibers are strong, enabling the tissue to withstand pulling forces

areolar, adipose, reticular

3 types of loose connective tissue

areolar connective tissue

Composes basement membranes; a soft packaging tissue with a jellylike matrix

CHICKEN SKIN

adipose connective tissue

acts as a storage depot for fat; provides insulation for the body

hips and breasts

recticular connective tissue

internal framework for certain organs

blood

consists of formed elements surrounding by a nonliving matrix

red and white blood cells and platelets(fragments)

Formed elements of blood consist of...

extracellular matrix

plasma=

blood

transport a variety of materials between interior body cells and exchanges substances with the external environment

muscle tissue

A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

3 types of muscle tissue

muscles that attach to bones

where is the skeletal muscle tissue found

controlled by conscious effort

What does is mean if a tissue is voluntary?

cardiac muscle

smooth muscle

list the involuntary tissues

skeletal muscle

list voluntary tissues

long threadlike cells

alternating light/dark striations

many nuclei

skeletal muscle tissue chareastics

cardiac muscle

found only in the heart