bio unit 1

describe the role of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis

synthesises rna

unzips dna

lines up rna nucleotides

compare n contrast structure if start n stop codons

both are 3 bases

start codon codes for start of translation. codes for a.a

stop codes for end of translation of protein. doesnt code for a.a

role of ribosome

holds 2 tRNAs until a peptide bond joins them

suggest how disacchsrides and oligosaccharides are broken down in the small intestine

hydrolysis

diff sugars diff enzymes

bc diff enzymes needed to break types of bonds

describe the structure of haemoglobin

4 polypeptides

prosthetic haem groups with iron ion attached

explain what would happen tot he sahpe of the curve if temp was optimum for enzyme

steeper levels off faster because more enzyme substrate complexes formed

endocytosis

x binds to r

holds it on membrane

membrane forms a vesicle

due to fluidity of the membrane

how a change in oh causes seperation from active site

change in ph changes the charges of r groups

enzyme denatures

bonds break

compare and contrast the structure of mRNA with tRNA

both have U A C and G bases

both single stranded

mRNA does not have hydrogen bonds

mRNA is straight chain tRNA has a clover shape

mRNA codon, tRNA anticodon

explain how enzymes split proteins

enzyme substrate complex

peptide bonds broken

by hydrolysis

state the meaning of the term semi conservative replication

1 old 1 new strand in each

2 new molecules

describe the role of dna polymerase in the process of dna replication

adds nucleo to each dna strand

forms phosphodiester between nucleotides