Studied by 16 people
Marathon
Darius; Greeks ambushed Persia; Athens tried to recive help from Sparta → Persia had to retreat
Thermopylae
Xerxes; Persians attacked narrow pass; Greek traitor; Persians burned Athens
Salamis
Naval battle; Athens faked retreat + lured Persians; Athens won
Platae
Persians contaminated Greek waters; Athens + Sparta vs Persia; Persians were pushed back to Persia
Medes
Indo- Aryans (migrated from central asia) w/ Persians
Early Persians
Nomadic herders; Influenced by who they conquered
Cyprus
Conquest and liberation of the Jews
Darius
Administrator, provinces, and innoventions
Satrap
Heditary governor: Checked by spies and districts
Qanat
Underground canals to prevent water from evaporating
Persepolis
Persian ciry: center w/ scribes, advisors
Advancements
Qanat, standaridzed coin, taxes, lenient laws, and the royal road
Royal Road
Netword of roads w/ stations for resources → connects empire, increases trade, and easy travel
Xerxes
Architect, issues w/ maintiang the relationship with the empire → fails to defeat the Greeks
Persian Downfall
Conqured by Alexander the Great (partially caused by not defeating the Greeks)
Zoroastiranism
Monotheistic, Zoroaster (prophet), Ahura Mazda vs Angra Mainyu (good vs evil), free will
Spread, Influence, + Fall of Zoroastrinism
Did not spread beyond Middle East; Influences Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; Puesh out bc of Islam (converted or moved to India)
Persian Empire
Egypt to Indus River
What groups of people influenced Persia?
Lydians, Phoenicians, Babylonians, and Egyptians
Greece Progressian
Mycenaeans- Bronze age (pre-Greeks)
Archaic Greece (dark ages), after Doric invasion)
Grease is united for the Persian Wars (wins)
Golden Age of Greece - Golden age of Pericles (Mostly in Athens, under Pericles)
Peloponnesian War (Athen vs. Sparta)
Rise of Alexander the Great (The Macedonians)
Minoans
Women > , Seafaring, good at trade, bull jumping, wrestling, boxing, King Crete whoo built Knossos, lived on island
Knossos
Center of Minoan civilization, comlicated architecture w/ no walls around
Myceaneans
Indo-Europeans: traded w/ Minoans; Warriors; fortified places on hills; lived outside walls, merchants, Conquered Minoans, Neighbors of Sparta
Mycenean Downfall
Trade war w/ Troy; Internal warfar; Dorian “invasion’; Trojan War
Effects of the Persian War
Increased sense of Greek uniqueness
Athen dominated Aegean Sea
Innovation og Athenian gov. + culture
Delian Leauge
Starts Golden Age (Periciles)
Leads to Peloponnesian War
Polis
City-states
Peloponnesian Wars
Athens vs Sparta (Sparta won)
Delian vs Peloponnesian League
Sparta allies w/ Persia
Effects of the Peloponnesian War
End Athens’ Golden Age
Democratic government suffers
Greece becmoes vulnerable bc of the lack of alliances and jelously
What ideas were expressed during the Golden Age
Drama
Hisotry
Art
Architecture
Mathematics
Expands Democracy
Poetry
Science
Philosophy
Pericles
Building projects providing jobs
Led Athens during the Golden Age
Acropolis
Built Democracy within Athens
Solon
Helped build Democracy
Released tensions between the slaves and the wealthy (done by releasing slaves’ debt)
Athenian Government
Monarchy → Oligarchy + Aristocracy (many wealthy rule) → Tyranny (ruler who takes power) → Democracy
Persian Wars: Persia vs. Greece
Caused by both empires trying to expand
Herodotus
Wrote The Histories (Persian War)
First proper historian
Thucydides
Political Philosopher
Historian
“Scientific Historian”
Homer
Iliad and The Odyssey
Aeschylus
Father of Tradgedy
Sophocles
Wrote tradgedies
Aristophanes
Father of Comedy
Pythagoras
Pythagorean Theorem
Universe revolves around numbers
Plants produce tone
Protagoras
Reason and knowledge achives happy life
Teaching equip for life
Hippocrates
School of medicne
Hygiene
Holistic healing
Democritius
Atomic theory
“Laughing Philospher”
Euclid
Prominent mathmetician
The Elements
“Father” of Geometry
Archimedes
Greek mathmetcian - Geomerty
War machines
Buoyancy
Devices
Who are “The Big Three”
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Political Bipolarity
The order, econimics, military, and cultural influence is held between two states
Spartan Culture
Military
No accumulation of private wealth (clothes, jewlery)
Athenian Culture - the primary basis of western civilization
Meaningful life
Intellectual pursuits
Mind/ body perfection
Trade
Cultural superiority
Helots
Messenians enslaved by the Spartans
Socrates
Quoestoned everything
Put on trial for corrupting the youth and going against religion
Poisoned himself
No writings
Allegory of the Cave
Plato
Student of Socrates
Forms and ideas
Wrote about ideal government and Universal Forms
Persevered Socrates’ work
Philosophers should be kings
Released “Allegory of the Cave”
Aristotle
Student of Plato
Logic as field study
Good and bad ogvernment
Knowledge gained through senses
Logical influences generations, but science ideas were incorrect (slavery, geo-centric thoery)
Delian Leauge
Ruled by Athnes
Protection from Persia
Trade expansion
Ended piracy in the Aegean Sea
Caused Sparta to make own league
Minoan Art + Architecture
Women, animals, bull jumping
Myceanean Art + Architecture
Militaristic, soldiers, weapons
Archaic Art + Architecture
No movement, stiff-life, rigid, minimilistic details
Classical (golden age) Art + Architecture
“Movement before movement”
More detailed
‘Perfect ideal’
Hellenistic (Ruled by Alexander the Great)
Super detailed
Fluid
Movement + Emotions
Three types of Colums
Doric (dull + no base), Ionic (eyes, has base), Corinthian (column, has base)
Phillip of Macedon
Built powerful military
Moved into Greece
Brought Greece under his control
Alexdander of Macedon
Son of Philip
Took over father’s plan
Invaded Persia
Stragesit
Leader
Assassinated
Antigonid Empire
Greece and Macedon
Antigonus
Ruled till Romans
Smallest of the Hellenistic empire
Tensions between rulers and people
Athens and Cornith flourished (lots of trade)
Hellensietic Empire
Integration of economics, society + expanding Greek cultural traditions and influence
Commonly spoke Greek and Aramaic
Antigonid, Ptolemaic, Seleucid
Ptolematic Empire
Egypt
Ptolemy
Wealthiest of the Hellenistic empire
Agriculture, tax, industry
Capital: Alexandria ((administration, harbors, center, cultural capital)
Ruled until the Romans
Seleucid Empire
Achaemenid Empire (Persia; Bacteria to Anatolia)
Seleucus
Ruled until the Parthians
Largest of the Hellenistic empires
Settlements, administration, and bureaucrats, filled w/ Greeks and Macedonians
Persian Hisotry Progression
Life of Zarathustra
Archaemenid Dynasty
Cyrus
Darius
Invasion by Alexander
Seleucid
Parthian
Sasanid
Greece and Persia History Progression
Minoan society
Mycenean society
Classical Greek polis
Sappho (lyric poet)
Persian Wars
Darius invades Greece
Battle of Marathon
Xerxes invades Greece
Battle of Salamis
Battle of Plataea
Socrates
Percicles leadership
Pelopenessian War
Plato
Aristotle
Philip II of Macedon
Alexander of Macedon
Draco
Harsh ruler w/ strict code of laws (aristocracy)
Pisistratus
“Robin Hood” (tyrant)
Cleisthenes
Father of Democracy
Who were Dorians and what effect did they have?
Dorians pushed further into Greece and ended Mycean and Minoan civilization
There want to expansion → Persian War
Greek Religion
Polythestic and based around myths to explain life (not particually belived by philophers and disliked when expressed)
Aegean Seas’ affect on Greece?
Economical, Social, Political development
Food source because of the mountains and hilly terain
Helped with contant w/ Asia
The reason why Alexander could not expand any more
His men refused to go any further.
Note
Flashcard