ISAM3303 Final Review

What is an information system?

A set of interrelated components that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information. It includes a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation.

Two examples of an information system

• Personal

• Enterprise

How does using information systems achieve a competitive advantage?

• Generating more sales

• Achieving superior profit margins

• Cost leadership, differentiation, and focus

• Gives managers strategic information

What are the four components of the Leavitt Diamond Model, and what is the most important?

People, Technology, process, and structure. People are the most important

What is a Process?

A structured set of related activities or tasks that take an input, add value to it, and create an output. Processes are fundamental to how work is organized and completed, and they often follow specific procedures to achieve a desired end result.

What is an input and its examples?

Raw material, data, or resources required to initiate a process.

Examples: Customer data entered into a CRM system

What is output and its examples?

The final product, result, or information generated from a process.

Example: A completed report fora product ready for delivery.

What is feedback and its examples?

Information that monitors/evaluates a process’ performance to ensure it meets objectives by making adjustments, improving efficiency, and correcting errors.

Examples: Customer satisfaction surveys

What are the four types of information systems?

• Personal - Enhances productivity for Indvidual’s performing solo tasks

• Workgroup - Enables those in a group to collaborate and work together more efficiently

• Enterprise - Facilities the business needs of an entire organization

• Interorganizational - Supports the sharing of information and coordination between organizations

What is a value chain and a supply chain?

Value chain - a series of activities that an organization performs to transform inputs into outputs.

Supply chain - a network of organizations people, activities, information, and resources involved in producing and delivering a product or service.

What are the five primary processes and four support processes?

5 Primary sources:

• Inbound logistics

• Operations

• Outbound logistics

• Marketing and sales

• Service

4 Support processes in the value chain:

• Firm infrastructure

• Human resource management

• Technology development

• Procurement

What are the sources of cyberattacks and the most likely source of one?

• nation-states - Governments/state-sponsored groups engaging in cyberwarfare or espionage

• Hacktivists - Individuals or groups driven by ideological or political motives

• (Most likely) Insiders - Current or former employees/partners releasing sensitive info by accident or malicious intent

• Criminal organizations - Organized groups conducting cybercrime for financial gain

• Script kiddies - Amateur hackers using pre-written scripts or tools with limited expertise

• Terrorists - Cyberattacks aimed to cause fear, disruption, or destruction for ideological purposes

• Competitors - Rival companies engaging in industrial espionage

What are the source of cyber threats?

• Rootkit - Collection of malicious software designed to enable unauthorized access to or control of a computer system without being detected.

• Phishing - Social engineering attack by sending fraudulent messages or emails pretending to be a form of legitimate source to trick victims to reveal sensitive information

• Virus - Attaches itself to legitimate files or programs and spreads throughout computer once said program/file is launched or executed

• Worm - Program that replicates itself to spread across networks and or systems without requiring user interaction

• Trojan Horse - Programs disguised as legitimate applications to trick users into installing it