Computer Architecture Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on computer architecture, including functions, components, and classifications of computers.

What are the basic functions a computer can perform?

Processing, Storage, Input/Output, and Communication.

What are the main hardware components of a computer system?

CPU, Primary Memory, Input/Output Unit, and System Bus.

What is the role of the CPU in a computer system?

The CPU executes instructions, performs calculations, and directs data flow.

What is the difference between primary storage and secondary storage?

Primary storage (RAM) is volatile and used for running programs, while secondary storage (HDD, SSD) retains data when powered off.

What are examples of input devices?

Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone, Scanner, Camera.

What are examples of output devices?

Monitor, Printer, Speakers.

How does internal communication occur within a computer system?

Through data transfer between CPU, memory, and I/O, facilitated by internal buses.

What are the classifications of computers by size?

Microcomputers, Minicomputers, Mainframes, Supercomputers, Embedded Computers.

What is a general-purpose computer?

A versatile computer designed for a wide range of tasks, like laptops and desktops.

What is an instruction in processor architecture?

A command to the processor representing a specific operation, stored as binary code.

What are the stages of the instruction cycle?

Fetch, Decode, Execute.

What does the Control Unit of the CPU do?

Manages CPU activities including instruction fetch, decode, execution control, and data transfer.

What is the difference between fixed-length and variable-length instructions?

Fixed-length instructions have the same length, while variable-length instructions have different lengths for efficiency.

What is a memory map?

An abstract view of how the processor organizes and accesses memory.

What are the contents of a small computer system's memory map example?

The ROM occupies the lowest address space followed by RAM in a system with specified capacities.