Part 5 (1/4): Phagocytic Cells [2nd Line of Defense]

What do Neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells do to unwanted substances by phagocytosis?

they engulf unwanted substances by phagocytosis

Neutrophils undergo what after phagocytosis and become a component of pus?

undergo apoptosis after phagocytosis

(Neutrophils) Dendritic cells destroy what?

destroy particles and present fragments to T-Lymphocytes

(Neutrophils) Dendritic cells initiate what type of immunity?

initiate adaptive immunity

(Neutrophils: Dendritic cells) Macrophages can preform what?

can perform antigen presentation

Basophils and Mast cells promote what?

promote inflammation

Basophils circulate in what?

circulate in the blood

Mast cells reside in what?

reside in connective tissue, mucosa, and internal organs

Mast cells release what?

* Histamine


* Heparin
* Eicosanoids

(Mast cells) Histamine increases what?

increases vasodilation and capillary permeability

(Mast cells) Heparin is what?

is an anticoagulant

(Mast cells) Eicosanoids increase movement from blood to what?

to injured tissue

(Mast cells) Eicosanoids attract what?

attract immune cells (chemotactic chamicals)

Natural Killer cells are created when?

created when we are born

Natural Killer cells destroy unwanted cells through what?

through apoptosis

natural Killer cells performs what?

performs immune surveillance

(Natural Killer cells) What does immune surveillance do?

patrol the body detecting unhealthy cells

Natural Killer cells detect what unhealthy cells?

virus-infected cells, bacteria-infected cells, tumor cells, and cells of transplanted tissue

Natural Killer cells destroy unhealthy cells by what?

by cytotoxic chemicals

(Natural Killer cells) What happens first when cytotoxic cells destroy unhealthy cells?

the natural killer cells release perforin which creates a transmembrane pore in the unwanted cell

(Natural Killer cells) What happens second when cytotoxic cells destroy unhealthy cells?

granzymes enter the pore created by perforin and cause apoptosis

Eosinophils do what to enzymes and other toxic substances to attack multicellular parasites?

they degranulate (release granules) enzymes and other toxic substances

Cells of the innate immune system recognize microbes as foreign because of surface molecules called ________ and proteins that allow for self-recognition.

glycocalyx

Immune cells have what type of recognition receptors on the cell surface that bind to patterns on other cells?

they have pattern recognition receptors

When surface molecules on cells don’t match the normal body cells, the immune cells target the cells for what?

target the cell for destruction