Essential Messages

firm foundations

archeticture of the babies brain

Serve and return

The in born drive to competence

Bottom up constructions

Simple circuits and skills providing the scaffolding

All in this together

Cognitive, social, and emotional capacities are inextricably intertwined

Toxic stress

keep these systems activated and that can damage brain architecture and regulatory systems

Get it right early

Plasticity is maximal in early childhood

Probabilistic Epigenesis:

the development of an

organism is dependent on the bidirectional influences

of interacting biological and environmental forces that

form a larger system. Development is always moving

forward, it is not pre-determined.

Independent

Assigned

Dependent

Measured

Why is random assignment important

Ensures that results are only affected by the manipulated variable/condition, NOT by an outside factor

reliability

consistent

validity

accurate

Longitudinal

Good for Studying change (or lack of) over time. Challenges persistent

effectiveness of an intervention. Relations between early development and later outcomes

Limitations

Hard to find and maintain participants. Expensive. Results might only

apply to the group studied as number of participants decrease over time.

Types of study designs

Longitudinal and Limitations

Zygote

Sperm + ova

23 in each sex cell

chromosomes= 46 in totalMOno

Monozygotic/Homozygous

identical same zygote

Fratenal Twins

Dizygotic/Heterozygous 2 zygotes

Homozygous two dom two reces 1 zygote identical

hetero one dom one recessive 2 zygote and faternal

Co-dominance

Alleles expressed equally

Phenotype

presentation

Genotype

Genetic code

Autosomes

22 pairs of chromosomes; 23rd pair = sex chromosomes

Males are more prone to sex-linked disorders

because If X carries a gene, Y does not match the X to neutralize it as it would for females.

Gottlieb's Developmental Systems Theory

probabilistic epigenesis and developmental unfolding

Experimental or Models

Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model , Harvard Center on the Developing Child Framework, Community-based participatory research (ex. Racism and SES status)

Endogenous

inside

Exogenous

outside

Phase 1: Germinal Period

(0-2 weeks): Zygote, ectoderm mesoderm endoderm

mesoderm 1

muscles, bones

eCToderm 1

hair, nails, nervous system

eNDoderm 1

digestive system lungs

Phase 2: Embryonic Period

(3-4 weeks) placenta, neural tube closes, neurons migrate to brain areas

neurogenesis begins at 3 weeks, peaks 7 weeks, done by 18 - 2

production of neurons

Phase 3: Fetal Period

9 weeks on organs and brains growing, movement can begin

Important Things to Know

Prenatal development impacted by

maternal conditions (SES), teratogens, external

environment

The length of a healthy pregancy is

Gestational Age is 40 weeks

37 weeks, which can lead to health problems

Pre-term births

pre-term births are more common

in twins/triplets, a younger or older woman, someone

with poor health, someone with stress, someone using drugs/smoking, and genetics

Habituation

begins 32 weeks and measured by heartrate changes

Stage 1 of brain growth

synaptogenesis overproduction of neurons, axons growing begins prenatally through the first year or two of life

Stage 2 of brain growth

pruning of unused synapses to increase efficiency

Event-Related Potentials

(ERPs)