BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES : CARBOHYDRATES

what are carbohydrates ( CH2O) composed of

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

what are the monomers of carbohydrates

monosaccharides

what are monosaccharides

the simplest form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed to smaller subunits

what are disaccharides

two sugars joined together

what are olgiosaccharides

short chain of monosaccharides

what are polysaccharides

many sugars joined together

what are some examples of monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

what are some examples f disaccharides

sucrose

lactose

maltose

what are some examples of olgiosaccharides

raffinose, stachyose

what are some examples of polysaccharides

starch, glycogen and cellulose

what is the location of aldose sugar in a monosaccharide (carbonyl group)

at the end

what is the location of the ketose sugar in a monosaccharide (carbonyl group)

the middle

what number is triose

three carbons

what number is tetrose

four carbons

what number is pentose

five carbons

what number is hexose

six carbons

how many carbons does fructose have

6

what monosaccharides are hexoses

glucose, fructose, galactose

what monosaccharides are pentoses

deoxyribose and ribose

where is the hydroxyl group pointed in glucose

downwards

where is the hydroxyl group pointed in galactose

upwards

how do diasaccharides form

when two monosaccharides are linked in a dehydration reaction

the formation of the glycosidic linkage between two alpha glucoses are pointed

downwards

the formation between a beta galactose and a beta glucose is pointed

upwards

if a alpha and a beta sugar get together,

it will become a beta sugar

plants store sugar as

starch

animals store sugar as

glycogen

what is cellulose

a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants. it is also the polymer of beta glucose monomers

what bonds are found in cellulose

hydrogen

what makes chitin so special

it contains nitrogen

functions of carbohydrates

long term storage of chemical energy

ready energy source

form cell wall

involved in intracellular interactions between animal cells