Cultural Anthropology - Chapter 5, Making a Living

subsistence strategy

the way a society transforms environmental resources into food

population density

the number of people inhabiting a given area of land

productivity

yield per person per unit of land

efficiency

yield per person per hour of labor invested

foraging

a food-getting strategy that does not involve conscious effort to alter the environment (food production, animal domestication)

Pintupi people

people who adapt to extreme environments in the great sandy desert of australia

Inuit live in the ________

Arctic Circle

Inuit do not collect _____

plant food

Gwich'in

1. foraging group in the NE alaska and NW Canada

2. predicted global warming

3. 8000 people living in small villages

4. caribou herds

5. oil exploration= threat

pastoralism

a food-getting strategy that depends on the care of domesticated herd animals

Where are the Maasai from?

1. east Africa grasslands

2. southern Kenya and northern Tanzania

Which strategy do the Maasai use?

Transhumant pastoralist strategy

The Maasai's diet is primarily made up of ______

cattle blood and milk

transhumant pastoralism

form of pastoralism where herd animals are moved to different areas throughout the year as pasture becomes available

nomadic pastoralism

a form of pastoralism in which the whole social group (men, women, and children) and their animals move in search of pasture

This is an example of nomadic pastoralism

The Yarahmadzai

The Yarahmadzai's staple food is _____

milk

horticulture

production of plants using a simple, non mechanized technology fields are not used continuously

swidden (slash-and-burn) cultivation

a form of cultivation in which a field is cleared by felling the trees and burning the brush. Typical of horticulture

Musha is a village in _____

1. egypt

2. used to rely solely on animal power and now on machines

3. similar to peasants

One of Musha's most important crops is _______

wheat

agriculture

a form of food production in which fields are in permanent cultivation using plows, animals, and techniques of soil and water control

peasants

rural cultivators who produce for the subsistence of their households but are also integrated into larger, complex state societies

industrialism

a system of production dependent on investments in machinery, technology, communication, and information. Industrial agriculture is patterned after manufacturing.

globalization

the integration of resources, labor, and capital into global network

What is an example in America of industrial agricultural production?

the meat industry

What are the five major subsistence strategies of human populations?

1) foraging

2) pastoralism

3) horticulture

4) agriculture

5) industrialism

the Maasai trade small animals for

honey, fish, grains, food, and vegetables