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Ad hoc
Created for a special purpose.
Allegory
Narrative demonstrates multiple levels of meaning.
Antecedent
The word which came before to which the pronoun refers.
Apostrophe
Figure of speech addressing someone or something as though they were there.
Aside
Character speaks directly to audience; others do not hear.
Chiasmus
Reversal of grammatical structure in successive phrases or clauses.
Colloquial
Common language.
Conceit
Elaborate and often surprising comparison between two dissimilar things.
Consonance
Repetition of final consonance sound following different vowels.
Deductive reasoning
Reasoning from general to specific.
Discourse
Conversation between text and reader.
Elegy
Tribute to someone deceased, usually in poetic form.
Epistrophe
Repetition of phrase at the ends of successive lines, sentences, phrases, clauses.
Epithet
Adjective or phrase applied to a noun to accentuate a certain characteristic.
Euphemism
Use of a word or phrase that is less direct but more tasteful.
Homily
Sermon.
Inductive reasoning
Reasoning from specific to general.
Isocolon
Parallel structure similar in structure, length.
Litotes
Understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite.
Metonymy
Figure of speech in which one thing is represented by another.
Oxymoron
Figure of speech juxtaposing opposite or contradictory words.
Paradox
Statement seems contradictory but may be true.
Stream of consciousness
Narrative technique that places the reader in thought processes of narrator.
Subjective
Produced by the mind.
Syllogism
An argument in which two statements and a logical conclusion is drawn.
Synecdoche
Figure of speech where a part signifies the whole.
Trope
Figure of speech that turns or twists to change meaning.
Alter-ego
A character that is used by the author to speak the author’s own thoughts.
Anecdote
A quick story about something of interest, usually with a singular theme or lesson.
Classicism
Sticks to traditional themes and structures.
Comic relief
A humorous scene inserted into a serious story to lighten the mood.
Jargon
The diction used by a group.
Vernacular
Language or dialect of a particular country or regional group.
Didactic
Teaches a specific lesson or moral.
Adage
A folk saying with a lesson.
Aphorism
A short statement that expresses an important truth about life.
Ellipsis
Omitting a portion of the sequence of events, allowing the reader to fill in the narrative gaps.
Synesthesia
A description involving a 'crossing of the senses.'
Foreshadowing
When an author gives hints about what will occur later in a story.
Invective
A long, emotionally violent attack using strong, abusive language.
Verbal Irony
Sarcasm.
Situational Irony
Found in the plot (or story line) of a book, story, or movie.
Pacing
The speed or tempo of an author’s writing.
Chiasmus/Antimetabole
When the same words are used twice, but in reverse order the second time.
Zeugma/Syllepsis
A figure of speech where a single word is applied to two or more words, with different meanings in each context.
Persona
The fictional mask or narrator that tells a story.
Assonance
The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds.
Slant rhyme
When a poet creates a rhyme that is not exact.
End rhyme
When the last words of two different lines of poetry rhyme.
Meter
A regular pattern to the syllables in lines of poetry.
Free verse
Poetry that doesn’t have much meter or rhyme.
Iambic pentameter
Poetry written in lines of 10 syllables, alternating stressed and unstressed syllables.
Sonnet
A 14 line poem written in iambic pentameter, usually in three quatrains and a couplet.
Polysyndeton
When a writer creates a list of items all separated by conjunctions.
Pun
A humorous use of a word with two or more meanings.
Romanticism
Art or literature characterized by an idealistic, unrealistic view of people.
Appositive
A word or group of words placed beside a noun to supplement its meaning.
Concession
Accepting at least part or all of an opposing viewpoint.
Ad hominem
Attacking opponents personally instead of their arguments.
Appeal to the bandwagon
Claiming an idea is true because many people believe it.
Cliche thinking
Using a well-known saying as evidence as if it has no exceptions.
False cause
Assuming causation from correlation.
Unstated premises
Not every argument is fully expressed.