Lang Rhetorical Terms Review

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63 Terms

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Ad hoc

Created for a special purpose.

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Allegory

Narrative demonstrates multiple levels of meaning.

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Antecedent

The word which came before to which the pronoun refers.

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Apostrophe

Figure of speech addressing someone or something as though they were there.

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Aside

Character speaks directly to audience; others do not hear.

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Chiasmus

Reversal of grammatical structure in successive phrases or clauses.

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Colloquial

Common language.

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Conceit

Elaborate and often surprising comparison between two dissimilar things.

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Consonance

Repetition of final consonance sound following different vowels.

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Deductive reasoning

Reasoning from general to specific.

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Discourse

Conversation between text and reader.

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Elegy

Tribute to someone deceased, usually in poetic form.

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Epistrophe

Repetition of phrase at the ends of successive lines, sentences, phrases, clauses.

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Epithet

Adjective or phrase applied to a noun to accentuate a certain characteristic.

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Euphemism

Use of a word or phrase that is less direct but more tasteful.

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Homily

Sermon.

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Inductive reasoning

Reasoning from specific to general.

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Isocolon

Parallel structure similar in structure, length.

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Litotes

Understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite.

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Metonymy

Figure of speech in which one thing is represented by another.

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Oxymoron

Figure of speech juxtaposing opposite or contradictory words.

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Paradox

Statement seems contradictory but may be true.

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Stream of consciousness

Narrative technique that places the reader in thought processes of narrator.

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Subjective

Produced by the mind.

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Syllogism

An argument in which two statements and a logical conclusion is drawn.

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Synecdoche

Figure of speech where a part signifies the whole.

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Trope

Figure of speech that turns or twists to change meaning.

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Alter-ego

A character that is used by the author to speak the author’s own thoughts.

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Anecdote

A quick story about something of interest, usually with a singular theme or lesson.

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Classicism

Sticks to traditional themes and structures.

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Comic relief

A humorous scene inserted into a serious story to lighten the mood.

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Jargon

The diction used by a group.

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Vernacular

Language or dialect of a particular country or regional group.

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Didactic

Teaches a specific lesson or moral.

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Adage

A folk saying with a lesson.

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Aphorism

A short statement that expresses an important truth about life.

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Ellipsis

Omitting a portion of the sequence of events, allowing the reader to fill in the narrative gaps.

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Synesthesia

A description involving a 'crossing of the senses.'

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Foreshadowing

When an author gives hints about what will occur later in a story.

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Invective

A long, emotionally violent attack using strong, abusive language.

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Verbal Irony

Sarcasm.

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Situational Irony

Found in the plot (or story line) of a book, story, or movie.

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Pacing

The speed or tempo of an author’s writing.

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Chiasmus/Antimetabole

When the same words are used twice, but in reverse order the second time.

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Zeugma/Syllepsis

A figure of speech where a single word is applied to two or more words, with different meanings in each context.

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Persona

The fictional mask or narrator that tells a story.

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Assonance

The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds.

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Slant rhyme

When a poet creates a rhyme that is not exact.

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End rhyme

When the last words of two different lines of poetry rhyme.

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Meter

A regular pattern to the syllables in lines of poetry.

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Free verse

Poetry that doesn’t have much meter or rhyme.

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Iambic pentameter

Poetry written in lines of 10 syllables, alternating stressed and unstressed syllables.

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Sonnet

A 14 line poem written in iambic pentameter, usually in three quatrains and a couplet.

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Polysyndeton

When a writer creates a list of items all separated by conjunctions.

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Pun

A humorous use of a word with two or more meanings.

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Romanticism

Art or literature characterized by an idealistic, unrealistic view of people.

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Appositive

A word or group of words placed beside a noun to supplement its meaning.

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Concession

Accepting at least part or all of an opposing viewpoint.

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Ad hominem

Attacking opponents personally instead of their arguments.

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Appeal to the bandwagon

Claiming an idea is true because many people believe it.

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Cliche thinking

Using a well-known saying as evidence as if it has no exceptions.

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False cause

Assuming causation from correlation.

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Unstated premises

Not every argument is fully expressed.